对患有妊娠期糖尿病或1型糖尿病的孕妇样本的膳食维生素和矿物质摄入量进行评估，并与波兰营养指南进行比较。

Dietary vitamin and mineral intakes in a sample of pregnant women with either gestational diabetes or type 1 diabetes mellitus, assessed in comparison with Polish nutritional guidelines.

作者信息

Kozlowska Aleksandra, Jagielska Anna Maja, Okreglicka Katarzyna Malgorzata, Dabrowski Filip, Kanecki Krzysztof, Nitsch-Osuch Aneta, Wielgos Miroslaw, Bomba-Opon Dorota

机构信息

1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

出版信息

Ginekol Pol. 2018;89(11):581-586. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2018.0100.

DOI:10.5603/GP.a2018.0100

PMID:30508208

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Maintaining proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for pregnant women and especially for who have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

To measure differences in vitamin and mineral intakes among women with normal pregnancies, pregnant women with GDM, and pregnant women with pre-gestational T1DM; and to assess the women's dietary intakes in comparison with Polish nutritional guidelines. The analysis was conducted among 83 pregnant women (29 GDM patients, 26 T1DM patients and 28 normal pregnancy participants) from whom we collected seven-day 24-hour dietary records during the second part of their pregnancies.

RESULTS

There were no statistically significant differences observed for most of the vitamin and mineral intakes across the three groups. However, we did observe a significant difference in the vitamin C and calcium intakes between groups. The mean vitamin C and calcium intakes were significantly higher in the control group than among the diabetic patients. Insufficient dietary calcium intakes were found among 52.3% of the GDM patients and 61.6% of the T1DM participants, while only 28.6% of the normal pregnancy patients experienced a calcium deficiency. The highest incidence of inadequate intake in each of the GDM, T1DM and control groups was observed for vitamin D (100%, 100%, 100%), folate (97.7%, 100%, 100%), iron (97.7%, 100%, 100%), and iodine (97.7%, 92.4%, 85.7%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Diet alone may not be enough to provide adequate levels of vitamins and minerals for most micronutrients. Supplement use reduces the risk of inadequate intake for many micronutrients, but diet-related issues during pregnancy and pregnancy diagnosed with diabetes remain, and they deserve to be addressed during public health interventions.

摘要

目的

孕期保持适当营养对孕妇至关重要，对于已被诊断为1型糖尿病（T1DM）或患有妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的孕妇尤其如此。

材料与方法

测量正常妊娠女性、患有GDM的孕妇和孕前患有T1DM的孕妇之间维生素和矿物质摄入量的差异；并根据波兰营养指南评估这些女性的饮食摄入量。对83名孕妇（29名GDM患者、26名T1DM患者和28名正常妊娠参与者）进行了分析，我们在她们孕期的第二阶段收集了7天的24小时饮食记录。

结果

三组之间大多数维生素和矿物质的摄入量没有观察到统计学上的显著差异。然而，我们确实观察到各组之间维生素C和钙的摄入量存在显著差异。对照组的平均维生素C和钙摄入量显著高于糖尿病患者。52.3%的GDM患者和61.6%的T1DM参与者存在膳食钙摄入不足，而只有28.6%的正常妊娠患者存在钙缺乏。GDM组、T1DM组和对照组中每种营养素摄入不足发生率最高的分别是维生素D（100%、100%、100%）、叶酸（97.7%、100%、100%）、铁（97.7%、100%、100%）和碘（97.7%、92.4%、85.7%）。