Production and Role of Hormones During Interaction of Species With Maize ( L.) Seedlings.

It has long been known that hormones affect the interaction of a phytopathogen with its host plant. The pathogen can cause changes in plant hormone homeostasis directly by affecting biosynthesis or metabolism in the plant or by synthesizing and secreting the hormone itself. We previously demonstrated that pathogenic fungi of the species complex are able to produce three major types of hormones: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. In this work, we explore changes in the levels of these hormones in maize and mango plant tissues infected with . The ability to produce individual phytohormones varies significantly across species and such differences likely impact host specificity inducing the unique responses noted during infection. For example, the production of gibberellins by leads to elongated rice stalks and the suppression of gibberellin biosynthesis in plant tissue. Although all species are able to synthesize auxin, sometimes by multiple pathways, the ratio of its free form and conjugates in infected tissue is affected more than the total amount produced. The recently characterized unique pathway for cytokinin synthesis in appears silenced or non-functional in all studied species during plant infection. Despite this, a large increase in cytokinin levels was detected in infected plants, caused likely by the up-regulation of plant genes responsible for their biosynthesis. Thus, the accumulation of active cytokinins may contribute to mango malformation of the reproductive organs upon infection of mango trees. Together, our findings provide insight into the complex role fungal and plant derived hormones play in the fungal-plant interactions.