School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang street, Changchun, China.
Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang street, Changchun, China.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Jun;32(6):1035-1042. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01178-7. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Frail older people are more likely to develop negative health outcomes. Previous studies have indicated that the Groningen Frailty Indicator is a practical frailty screening instrument with good psychometric properties; however, it has never been implemented in Chinese nursing homes.
To cross-culturally adapt and validate the Groningen Frailty Indicator in Chinese nursing home residents.
The participants were 192 residents from nursing homes. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency and test-retest methods. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman rank correlations between the GFI domains and activities of daily living, the mini nutritional assessment, the Mini-mental state examination, the Social Support Rating Scale, the 20-item Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Short Form 36 mental component summary. Criterion validity was investigated by performing a receiver operating characteristics curve analysis.
The Chinese GFI achieved semantic, idiomatic, and experiential equivalence. It had a high response rate among nursing home elders. It also showed good internal consistency (ICC = 0.712) and excellent test-retest reliability. Regarding construct validity, it presented good known-group divergent validity based on age. The correlations between the GFI domains and their corresponding measures were consistent as hypothesized, demonstrating convergent validity of the GFI. Using the Fried frailty phenotypes as reference criteria, the Chinese GFI showed satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for frailty (AUC = 0.823) and prefrailty (AUC = 0.791). The optimal cutoff point was 4 for frailty and 3 for prefrailty.
The GFI was successfully adapted for Chinese nursing home residents and presented acceptable validity and reliability.
虚弱的老年人更容易出现负面健康结果。先前的研究表明，格罗宁根虚弱指数是一种实用的虚弱筛查工具，具有良好的心理测量特性；然而，它从未在中文养老院实施过。
跨文化适应和验证中文养老院居民的格罗宁根虚弱指数。
参与者为来自养老院的 192 名居民。采用内部一致性和重测法分析信度。采用 GFI 各领域与日常生活活动、微型营养评估、简易精神状态检查、社会支持评定量表、20 项流行病学研究抑郁量表和简短 36 项心理健康成分概括之间的斯皮尔曼等级相关评估收敛效度。通过进行受试者工作特征曲线分析来研究效标效度。
中文 GFI 实现了语义、惯用语和经验等效。它在养老院老人中具有较高的应答率。它还表现出良好的内部一致性（ICC=0.712）和极好的重测信度。关于结构效度，它根据年龄表现出良好的已知组离散效度。GFI 各领域与其相应测量值之间的相关性与假设一致，表明 GFI 的收敛效度。使用 Fried 虚弱表型作为参考标准，中文 GFI 对虚弱（AUC=0.823）和虚弱前期（AUC=0.791）具有令人满意的诊断准确性。最佳截断点为 4 用于虚弱，3 用于虚弱前期。
GFI 成功适用于中国养老院居民，具有可接受的有效性和可靠性。
