transgender 跨性别者
Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Transgender Persons.
机构信息
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, 500 Irvin Ct, Suite 200, Decatur, GA 30030, USA.
Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 333 South Columbia Street, 345B MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
出版信息
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Jun;48(2):453-464. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Mar 23.
Worldwide, transgender populations are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Pervasive stigma and discrimination impact social and economic determinants of health, which perpetuate HIV disparities among transgender individuals. This article reviews the prevalence of HIV infection among transgender populations and presents psychosocial, behavioral, and individual level factors that contribute to HIV acquisition. The authors provide practical recommendations regarding a patient-centered approach to HIV/sexually transmitted infection risk assessment. The role of preexposure prophylaxis utilization in preventing the transmission of HIV is discussed as well as the current data on HIV treatment outcomes for transgender people living with HIV.
在全球范围内，跨性别群体感染人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的比例过高。普遍存在的污名和歧视影响了健康的社会和经济决定因素，从而使跨性别者中存在 HIV 差异持续存在。本文综述了跨性别群体中 HIV 感染的流行情况，并介绍了导致 HIV 感染的心理社会、行为和个体层面的因素。作者就 HIV/性传播感染风险评估的以患者为中心的方法提供了实用建议。本文还讨论了暴露前预防用药在预防 HIV 传播中的作用，以及当前关于感染 HIV 的跨性别者的 HIV 治疗结果的数据。
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