研究方案：X:IT II-一项基于学校的预防吸烟干预措施。
Study protocol of the X:IT II - a school-based smoking preventive intervention.
机构信息
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestreade 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 May 2;19(1):497. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6805-2.
BACKGROUND
The X:IT intervention, conducted in 2010 to 2013, showed overall smoking preventive effect. However, parts of the intervention appeared less appealing to children from families with lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, the intervention components were modified and an evaluation of the amended intervention X:IT II is needed to show the effect of this revised intervention and whether children from different social backgrounds benefits equally from the current intervention.
METHODS
Main intervention components are smoke free schools, a curricular component, and parental involvement (smoke free agreements and talks about tobacco). Components have been revised from the first version; 1) previously, schools should be smoke free on the school ground and were encouraged to hide smoking so that it wasn't visible to pupils from the school ground. Now they are encouraged to tighten the rules so that no pupils or teachers smoke during the school day, no matter where they are; 2) the specifically developed educational material (Up in Smoke) has been revised so that all materials are online and all texts has a ARI; 3) the parental involvement is now targeted multiple groups of parents, e.g. parents that are smokers, and parents of children that smoke. Language used is simpler and the website for parents presents very specific examples. X:IT is implemented in 46 Danish public schools from fall 2017 until summer 2020. Data is collected through electronic questionnaires to students and coordinators four times (fall 2017, spring/summer 2018, 2019 and 2020). Further, qualitative interviews and observations are conducted.
DISCUSSION
Prevalence of smoking among Danish adolescents is high compared to other Nordic countries and there is social inequality in smoking, leaving individuals from the lowest social backgrounds at higher risk. Although there has been an overall decline in smoking among Danish adolescents over the last decades, a recent levelling of this development indicates an urgent need for smoking prevention in Denmark. The X:IT intervention has the potential to prevent uptake of smoking among adolescents. However, there is a particular need for evaluating the effectiveness of the revised X:IT intervention, X:IT II, with focus on the effect across socioeconomic groups of adolescents.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN31292019 , date of registration 24/10/2017. Retrospectively registered.
背景
X:IT 干预措施于 2010 年至 2013 年实施，显示出总体的预防吸烟效果。然而，该干预措施的某些部分对来自社会经济背景较低的家庭的儿童吸引力较小。因此，干预措施的组成部分进行了修改，需要对修订后的干预措施 X:IT II 进行评估，以展示该修订干预措施的效果，以及不同社会背景的儿童是否同样受益于当前的干预措施。
方法
主要干预措施包括无烟学校、课程组成部分和家长参与（无烟协议和关于烟草的讨论）。这些措施已经从第一版进行了修订；1）之前，学校应该在校园内实行无烟政策，并鼓励隐藏吸烟行为，以使学生在校外看不到吸烟行为。现在，学校被鼓励加强规定，无论学生和教师在学校的任何地方都不得吸烟；2）专门开发的教育材料（如烟云）已经进行了修订，以便所有材料都在网上，并且所有文本都具有 A RI；3）家长参与现在针对多个群体的家长，例如吸烟者的家长和吸烟孩子的家长。使用的语言更简单，家长网站提供了非常具体的例子。X:IT 从 2017 年秋季开始在丹麦 46 所公立学校实施，直到 2020 年夏季。通过电子问卷分四次（2017 年秋季、2018 年春季/夏季、2019 年和 2020 年）收集学生和协调员的数据。此外，还进行了定性访谈和观察。
讨论
与其他北欧国家相比，丹麦青少年的吸烟率较高，并且存在吸烟方面的社会不平等，使来自社会经济背景最低的个人面临更高的风险。尽管丹麦青少年的吸烟率在过去几十年中总体呈下降趋势，但最近这种趋势的停滞表明丹麦迫切需要预防吸烟。X:IT 干预措施有可能预防青少年吸烟。然而，特别需要评估修订后的 X:IT 干预措施 X:IT II 的效果，重点是针对青少年的社会经济群体的效果。
试验注册
当前对照试验 ISRCTN31292019 ，注册日期为 2017 年 10 月 24 日。回顾性注册。
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