身体锻炼训练效果以及心肺适能的中介作用对年轻老年人和老老年人双重任务表现的影响不同。
Physical Exercise Training Effect and Mediation Through Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Dual-Task Performances Differ in Younger-Old and Older-Old Adults.
机构信息
Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada.
Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021 Jan 18;76(2):219-228. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbz066.
OBJECTIVE
It has often been reported that dual-task (DT) performance declines with age. Physical exercise can help improve cognition, but these improvements could depend on cognitive functions and age groups. Moreover, the mechanisms supporting this enhancement are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the impacts of physical exercise on single- and dual-task performance in younger-old (<70) and older-old (70+) adults. The study also assessed whether the training effect on cognition was mediated by improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness.
METHODS
One hundred forty-three participants (65-89 years) took part in a physical exercise intervention for 3 months or were assigned to a control group. All participants completed a DT paradigm and an estimated measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Regression models were used to test the training effect on these outcomes, and mediation analyses were used to determine whether the training-related cognitive changes were mediated by changes in cardiorespiratory fitness.
RESULTS
In 70+, training predicted improved processing speed (βc = -.33) and cardiorespiratory fitness (βa = .26) and the effect of training on processing speed was fully mediated by change in cardiorespiratory fitness (βab = -.12). In <70, training predicted improvement in task-set cost (βc = -.26) and change in cardiorespiratory fitness (βa = .30) but improvement in task-set cost was not entirely mediated by change in cardiorespiratory fitness.
DISCUSSION
Results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms supporting DT performance improvement following physical exercise training in older adults.
目的
经常有报道称，双重任务（DT）表现会随着年龄的增长而下降。体育锻炼有助于改善认知，但这些改善可能取决于认知功能和年龄组。此外，支持这种增强的机制尚未完全阐明。本研究调查了体育锻炼对年轻老年人（<70 岁）和老年老年人（70 岁以上）的单一和双重任务表现的影响。该研究还评估了认知训练效果是否通过改善心肺适能来介导。
方法
143 名参与者（65-89 岁）参加了为期 3 个月的体育锻炼干预或被分配到对照组。所有参与者都完成了一项 DT 范式和一项心肺适能的估计测量。回归模型用于测试这些结果的训练效果，中介分析用于确定认知相关变化是否通过心肺适能的变化来介导。
结果
在 70 岁以上的人群中，训练预测处理速度（βc=-.33）和心肺适能（βa=.26）的改善，以及训练对处理速度的影响完全由心肺适能的变化介导（βab=-.12）。在<70 岁的人群中，训练预测任务集成本的改善（βc=-.26）和心肺适能的变化（βa=.30），但任务集成本的改善并非完全由心肺适能的变化介导。
讨论
根据体育锻炼训练对老年人 DT 表现改善的支持机制，对结果进行了讨论。
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