脑血管可塑性：导致脑微血管结构发生变化的过程。
Cerebrovascular plasticity: Processes that lead to changes in the architecture of brain microvessels.
机构信息
1 Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
出版信息
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019 Aug;39(8):1413-1432. doi: 10.1177/0271678X19855875. Epub 2019 Jun 17.
The metabolic demands of the brain are met by oxygen and glucose, supplied by a complex hierarchical network of microvessels (arterioles, capillaries, and venules). Transient changes in neural activity are accommodated by local dilation of arterioles or capillaries to increase cerebral blood flow and hence nutrient availability. Transport and communication between the circulation and the brain is regulated by the brain microvascular endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier. Under homeostatic conditions, there is very little turnover in brain microvascular endothelial cells, and the cerebrovascular architecture is largely static. However, changes in the brain microenvironment, due to environmental factors, disease, or trauma, can result in additive or subtractive changes in cerebrovascular architecture. Additions occur by angiogenesis or vasculogenesis, whereas subtractions occur by vascular pruning, injury, or endothelial cell death. Here we review the various processes that lead to changes in the cerebrovascular architecture, including sustained changes in the brain microenvironment, development and aging, and injury, disease, and repair.
大脑的代谢需求由氧气和葡萄糖来满足，这些物质由一个复杂的微血管（小动脉、毛细血管和小静脉）层级网络来供应。神经活动的短暂变化通过小动脉或毛细血管的局部扩张来适应，以增加脑血流，从而增加营养物质的供应。循环系统和大脑之间的运输和通讯由形成血脑屏障的脑微血管内皮细胞来调节。在稳态条件下，脑微血管内皮细胞的更替非常少，脑血管结构在很大程度上是静态的。然而，由于环境因素、疾病或创伤等原因，大脑微环境的变化会导致脑血管结构发生附加或减法变化。增加是通过血管生成或血管发生来实现的，而减法是通过血管修剪、损伤或内皮细胞死亡来实现的。在这里，我们回顾了导致脑血管结构变化的各种过程，包括大脑微环境的持续变化、发育和衰老、以及损伤、疾病和修复。
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