基因组编辑技术在作物育种中的应用展望。

Perspectives on the Application of Genome-Editing Technologies in Crop Breeding.

机构信息

Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.

School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

出版信息

Mol Plant. 2019 Aug 5;12(8):1047-1059. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.009. Epub 2019 Jun 28.

DOI:10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.009

PMID:31260812

Abstract

Most conventional and modern crop-improvement methods exploit natural or artificially induced genetic variations and require laborious characterization of the progenies of multiple generations derived from time-consuming genetic crosses. Genome-editing systems, in contrast, provide the means to rapidly modify genomes in a precise and predictable way, making it possible to introduce improvements directly into elite varieties. Here, we describe the range of applications available to agricultural researchers using existing genome-editing tools. In addition to providing examples of genome-editing applications in crop breeding, we discuss the technical and social challenges faced by breeders using genome-editing tools for crop improvement.

摘要

大多数传统和现代的作物改良方法都利用自然或人工诱导的遗传变异，并需要对费时费力的遗传杂交多代后代进行繁琐的特征描述。相比之下，基因组编辑系统提供了一种精确且可预测的快速修饰基因组的方法，使得可以直接将改良引入到优良品种中。在这里，我们描述了农业研究人员使用现有基因组编辑工具可获得的一系列应用。除了提供作物育种中基因组编辑应用的示例外，我们还讨论了使用基因组编辑工具进行作物改良的育种者所面临的技术和社会挑战。