Nutritional Sciences & Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2020 Feb;79(1):61-67. doi: 10.1017/S0029665119000673. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
Dietary fibre comprises many different, mainly plant-based, compounds that are not fully digested in the human gut. Insoluble fibres include cellulose, hemi-celluloses and lignin and soluble fibres include pectins, β-glucan and hydro-colloids. In the UK, the daily recommended amount has increased to 30 g but only 13 % of men and 4 % of women meet this recommendation. Currently the mean intake for adults is 21 g for men and 17 g for women. There is a wealth of epidemiological evidence based on systematic reviews of trials and cohorts to support the higher fibre recommendation. This includes evidence of reductions in the risk for CVD (both heart disease and stroke) and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, lower blood pressure, lower LDL-cholesterol, as well as some cancers. Beneficial effects of fibre operate via a diverse range of mechanisms throughout the digestive system including the mouth, stomach and small and large intestine; some of which are still not completely understood. The updated recommendation for fibre is a long way from a typical British diet and requires several daily portions of fruit and vegetables and wholegrain foods. Improving dietary fibre intakes will require a variety of actions and policies from stakeholders; however, there is currently more of a focus on reducing sugar than increasing fibre. In order to increase the number of adults meeting the fibre recommendation, social marketing and labelling of high-fibre foods are warranted as well as reformulation and wider availability of wholegrain versions of popular foods.
膳食纤维包含许多不同的、主要来源于植物的化合物，这些化合物在人体肠道中不能被完全消化。不溶性纤维包括纤维素、半纤维素和木质素，而可溶性纤维包括果胶、β-葡聚糖和水胶体。在英国，每日推荐摄入量已增加到 30 克，但只有 13%的男性和 4%的女性达到这一推荐量。目前，成年人的平均摄入量为男性 21 克，女性 17 克。有大量基于试验和队列的系统评价的流行病学证据支持更高的纤维推荐量。这包括降低心血管疾病（包括心脏病和中风）风险和 2 型糖尿病风险、降低血压、降低 LDL 胆固醇以及某些癌症风险的证据。纤维的有益作用通过整个消化系统的多种机制发挥作用，包括口腔、胃和小肠和大肠；其中一些机制仍不完全清楚。膳食纤维的最新推荐量与典型的英国饮食相差甚远，需要每日摄入几份水果和蔬菜以及全谷物食品。提高膳食纤维摄入量需要利益相关者采取各种行动和政策；然而，目前人们更多地关注减少糖的摄入量，而不是增加纤维的摄入量。为了增加达到纤维推荐量的成年人数量，有必要对高纤维食品进行社会营销和标签，以及对流行食品进行配方改良和更广泛的全麦版本供应。
