Induction of memory-like dendritic cell responses in vivo.

Dendritic cells (DCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, are considered to lack antigen specificity and be devoid of immunological memory. Strategies that can induce memory-like responses from innate cells can be utilized to elicit protective immunity in immune deficient persons. Here we utilize an experimental immunization strategy to modulate DC inflammatory and memory-like responses against an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals. Our results show that DCs isolated from protectively immunized mice exhibit enhanced transcriptional activation of interferon and immune signaling pathways. We also show long-term memory-like cytokine responses upon subsequent challenge with the fungal pathogen that are abrogated with inhibitors of specific histone modifications. Altogether, our study demonstrates that immunization strategies can be designed to elicit memory-like DC responses against infectious disease.