Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 10;14(7):e0218681. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218681. eCollection 2019.
Rural children are one of the populations that are most vulnerable to gastrointestinal parasite infections. Such diseases decrease the quality of life and result in growth and cognitive delays in the long term. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of intestinal parasite infections among rural schoolchildren in the municipality of Apulo, Colombia. A total of 97 stool samples from children aged between 5 and 15 years were collected and examined via direct light microscopy. Microscopic examination was repeated with sediments obtained using a fecal parasite concentrator, and the Kato-Katz test was performed. Frequency of intestinal parasite infection was 100%. Endolimax nana (77.35%), Blastocystis sp. (71.1%), Giardia intestinalis (39.1%), Entamoeba coli (25.7%), and the Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex (9.2%) were the most prevalent protozoa. Trichuris trichiura was the most prevalent helminth (12.3%), followed by Enterobius vermicularis (6.15%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.1%). Among the analyzed associated factors, consumption of untreated water increased the risk of acquiring pathogenic intestinal parasites. Finally, because G. intestinalis was the most prevalent pathogenic protozoan, molecular analysis was conducted to establish genetic assemblages and subassemblages of Giardia through sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, and beta-giardin genes. A total of 14 G. intestinalis-positive samples were genotyped, which revealed the presence of subassemblages AI (n = 1), AII (n = 7), BIII (n = 2), BIV (n = 2), and BIII/BIV (n = 1) as well as a mixed subassemblage AII + BIII (n = 1). Our results indicate that gastrointestinal parasite infections in the tested population were mainly caused by suboptimal water quality. Moreover, molecular typing of G. intestinalis suggested contamination of water by animal- and human-derived cysts.
农村儿童是最容易受到胃肠道寄生虫感染的人群之一。这些疾病会降低生活质量，并导致长期的生长和认知发育迟缓。本横断面研究旨在确定哥伦比亚阿普洛市农村学童肠道寄生虫感染的频率。共采集了 97 份 5 至 15 岁儿童的粪便样本，通过直接显微镜检查进行检查。使用粪便寄生虫浓缩器获得沉淀物后，重复显微镜检查，并进行加藤氏厚涂片检查。肠道寄生虫感染频率为 100%。内毛滴虫（77.35%）、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫（71.1%）、肠贾第虫（39.1%）、结肠内阿米巴（25.7%）和溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕拉/莫什科夫斯基复合体（9.2%）是最常见的原生动物。鞭虫（12.3%）是最常见的蠕虫，其次是蛲虫（6.15%）和蛔虫（5.1%）。在分析的相关因素中，食用未处理的水会增加感染致病性肠道寄生虫的风险。最后，由于肠贾第虫是最常见的致病性原生动物，因此通过谷氨酸脱氢酶、磷酸丙糖异构酶和β-微管蛋白基因的基于序列的基因分型，对其进行了分子分析，以建立贾第虫的遗传组合和亚组合。共对 14 份肠贾第虫阳性样本进行了基因分型，结果显示存在亚组合 AI（n = 1）、AII（n = 7）、BIII（n = 2）、BIV（n = 2）和 BIII/BIV（n = 1）以及混合亚组合 AII + BIII（n = 1）。我们的结果表明，检测人群中的胃肠道寄生虫感染主要是由水质不佳引起的。此外，肠贾第虫的分子分型表明，动物源性和人源性包囊污染了水源。
