Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jul 3;2(7):e196961. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6961.
Social relationships are important determinants of well-being, health, and quality of life. There are conflicting findings regarding the association between preterm birth or low birth weight and experiences of social relationships in adulthood.
To systematically investigate the association between preterm birth or low birth weight and social outcomes in adulthood.
PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for peer-reviewed articles published through August 5, 2018.
Prospective longitudinal and registry studies reporting on selected social outcomes in adults who were born preterm or with low birth weight (mean sample age ≥18 years) compared with control individuals born at term.
The meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The data were collected and extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Pooled analyses were based on odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and Hedges g, which were meta-analyzed using random-effects models.
Ever being in a romantic partnership, ever having experienced sexual intercourse, parenthood, quality of romantic relationship, and peer social support.
Twenty-one studies were included of the 1829 articles screened. Summary data describing a maximum of 4 423 798 adult participants (179 724 preterm or low birth weight) were analyzed. Adults born preterm or with low birth weight were less likely to have ever experienced a romantic partnership (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64-0.81), to have had sexual intercourse (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31-0.61), or to have become parents (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.91) than adults born full-term. A dose-response association according to degree of prematurity was found for romantic partnership and parenthood. Overall, effect sizes did not differ with age and sex. When adults born preterm or with low birth weight were in a romantic partnership or had friends, the quality of these relationships was not poorer compared with adults born full-term.
These findings suggest that adults born preterm or with low birth weight are less likely to experience a romantic partnership, sexual intercourse, or to become parents. However, preterm birth or low birth weight does not seem to impair the quality of relationships with partners and friends. Lack of sexual or partner relationships might increase the risk of decreased well-being and poorer physical and mental health.
社会关系是幸福感、健康和生活质量的重要决定因素。关于早产或低出生体重与成年人社会关系体验之间的关联，存在相互矛盾的发现。
系统调查早产或低出生体重与成年人社会结局之间的关联。
通过 2018 年 8 月 5 日检索 PubMed、PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 Embase 等同行评审文献数据库，检索到了与早产儿或低出生体重（平均样本年龄≥18 岁）的成年人相关的特定社会结局的前瞻性纵向和登记研究。
与足月出生的对照个体相比，报告早产儿或低出生体重成人特定社会结局的前瞻性纵向和登记研究（成熟度样本年龄≥18 岁）。
荟萃分析遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。数据由 2 名独立审查员收集和提取。基于优势比（OR）和 95%置信区间和 Hedges g 进行合并分析，采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。
是否有过浪漫关系、是否有过性行为、是否为人父母、浪漫关系质量和同伴社会支持。
共纳入 21 项研究，对筛选出的 1829 篇文章进行了描述。对最多可描述 4423798 名成年参与者（179724 名早产儿或低出生体重儿）的综合数据进行了分析。与足月出生的成年人相比，早产儿或低出生体重儿更不可能有过浪漫关系（OR，0.72；95%CI，0.64-0.81）、发生过性行为（OR，0.43；95%CI，0.31-0.61）或为人父母（OR，0.77；95%CI，0.65-0.91）。根据早产程度发现了与浪漫关系和为人父母有关的剂量反应关系。总体而言，效果大小与年龄和性别无关。当早产儿或低出生体重儿有浪漫关系或有朋友时，这些关系的质量与足月出生儿没有差别。
这些发现表明，早产儿或低出生体重儿更不可能有浪漫关系、性行为或为人父母。然而，早产或低出生体重似乎不会损害与伴侣和朋友的关系质量。缺乏性或伴侣关系可能会增加幸福感下降和身心健康状况恶化的风险。
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