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论助推对理性决策的假定威胁。

On Nudging's Supposed Threat to Rational Decision-Making.

作者信息

Houk Timothy

机构信息

McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

出版信息

J Med Philos. 2019 Jul 29;44(4):403-422. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhz014.

Abstract

Nudging is a tool of libertarian paternalism. It involves making use of certain psychological tendencies in order to help people make better decisions without restricting their freedom. However, some have argued that nudging is objectionable because it interferes with, or undermines, the rational decision-making of the nudged agents. Opinions differ on why this is objectionable, but the underlying concerns appear to begin with nudging's threat to rational decision-making. Those who discuss this issue do not make it clear to what this threat to rationality amounts. In this paper I evaluate what effect nudging has on our decision-making and I argue that it does not typically interfere with our rationality in a problematic way. Perhaps nudging is objectionable for other reasons, but we should not argue that nudging is objectionable based on concerns about rational decision-making.

摘要

助推是自由意志家长制的一种手段。它涉及利用某些心理倾向,以便在不限制人们自由的情况下帮助他们做出更好的决策。然而,一些人认为助推是令人反感的,因为它干扰或破坏了被助推者的理性决策。对于为何这令人反感,人们看法不一,但根本担忧似乎始于助推对理性决策的威胁。讨论这个问题的人并未明确这种对理性的威胁程度如何。在本文中,我评估了助推对我们决策的影响,并认为它通常不会以有问题的方式干扰我们的理性。也许助推因其他原因而令人反感,但我们不应基于对理性决策的担忧而认为助推是令人反感的。

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