Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
BMC Genomics. 2019 Jul 30;20(1):621. doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-5987-4.
Genetic polymorphisms are known to influence milk production and composition. However, the genomic mechanisms involved in the genetic regulation of milk component synthesis are not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression. Previous research suggests that the high developmental potential of the mammary gland may depend in part on a specific miRNA expression pattern. The objective of the present study was to compare the mammary gland miRNomes of two dairy cow breeds, Holstein and Montbéliarde, which have different mammogenic potentials that are related to differences in dairy performance.
Milk, fat, protein, and lactose yields were lower in Montbéliarde cows than in Holstein cows. We detected 754 distinct miRNAs in the mammary glands of Holstein (n = 5) and Montbéliarde (n = 6) midlactating cows using RNA-Seq technology, among which 738 were known and 16 were predicted miRNAs. The 25 most abundant miRNAs accounted for 90.6% of the total reads. The comparison of their abundances in the mammary glands of Holstein versus Montbéliarde cows identified 22 differentially expressed miRNAs (P ≤ 0.05). Among them, 11 presented a fold change ≥2, and 2 (miR-100 and miR-146b) were highly expressed. Among the most abundant miRNAs, miR-186 is known to inhibit cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Data mining showed that 17 differentially expressed miRNAs with more than 20 reads were involved in the regulation of mammary gland plasticity. Several of them may potentially target mRNAs involved in signaling pathways (such as mTOR) and lipid metabolism, thereby indicating that they could influence milk composition.
We found differences in the mammary gland miRNomes of two dairy cattle breeds. These differences suggest a potential role for miRNAs in mammary gland plasticity and milk component synthesis, both of which are related to milk production and composition. Further research is warranted on the genetic regulation of miRNAs and their role in milk synthesis.
遗传多态性已知会影响牛奶的产量和成分。然而，参与乳成分合成的遗传调控的基因组机制尚未完全了解。微小 RNA（miRNA）调节基因表达。先前的研究表明，乳腺的高发育潜力部分依赖于特定的 miRNA 表达模式。本研究的目的是比较两种奶牛品种（荷斯坦和蒙贝利亚德）的乳腺 miRNome，它们具有不同的泌乳潜力，这与奶牛产奶性能的差异有关。
蒙贝利亚德牛的产奶量、脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖产量均低于荷斯坦牛。我们使用 RNA-Seq 技术在荷斯坦（n=5）和蒙贝利亚德（n=6）泌乳中期奶牛的乳腺中检测到 754 种不同的 miRNA，其中 738 种是已知的，16 种是预测的 miRNA。25 种最丰富的 miRNA 占总reads 的 90.6%。比较荷斯坦牛与蒙贝利亚德牛乳腺中它们的丰度，确定了 22 种差异表达的 miRNA（P≤0.05）。其中，11 种的倍数变化≥2，2 种（miR-100 和 miR-146b）高度表达。在最丰富的 miRNA 中，miR-186 已知可抑制细胞增殖和上皮-间充质转化。数据挖掘表明，17 种具有超过 20 个reads 的差异表达 miRNA 参与了乳腺可塑性的调节。其中一些可能潜在地靶向参与信号通路（如 mTOR）和脂质代谢的 mRNA，从而表明它们可能影响牛奶成分。
我们发现了两种奶牛品种乳腺 miRNome 的差异。这些差异表明 miRNA 在乳腺可塑性和乳成分合成中的潜在作用，这两者都与牛奶的产量和成分有关。有必要进一步研究 miRNA 的遗传调控及其在牛奶合成中的作用。
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