Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Level 11, Building FF1, Faculty of Pharmacy, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Aug 19;19(1):220. doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2628-z.
Baeckea frutescens (B. frutescens) of the family Myrtaceae is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine. It is known to have antibacterial, antipyretic and cytoprotective properties. The objective of this study is to explore the mechanism of B. frutescens leaves extracts in eliminating breast cancer cells.
B. frutescens leaves extracts were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus with solvents of different polarity. The selective cytotoxicity of these extracts at various concentrations (20 to 160 μg/ml) were tested using cell viability assay after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment. The IC value in human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and mammary breast (MCF10A) cell lines were determined. Apoptotic study using AO/PI double staining was performed using fluorescent microscope. The glucose uptake was measured using 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose analogue. The phytochemical screening was performed for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and phenols.
B. frutescens leaves extracts showed IC value ranging from 10 -127μg/ml in MCF-7 cells after 72 h of treatment. Hexane extract had the lowest IC value (10μg/ml), indicating its potent selective cytotoxic activity. Morphology of MCF-7 cells after treatment with B. frutescens extracts exhibited evidence of apoptosis that included membrane blebbing and chromatin condensation. In the glucose uptake assay, B. frutescens extracts suppressed glucose uptake in cancer cells as early as 24 h upon treatment. The inhibition was significantly lower compared to the positive control WZB117 at their respective IC value after 72 h incubation. It was also shown that the glucose inhibition is selective towards cancer cells compared to normal cells. The phytochemical analysis of the extract using hexane as the solvent in particular gave similar quantities of tannin, triterpenoids, flavonoid and phenols. Presumably, these metabolites have a synergistic effect in the in vitro testing, producing the potent IC value and subsequently cell death.
This study reports the potent selective cytotoxic effect of B. frutescens leaves hexane extract against MCF-7 cancer cells. B. frutescens extracts selectively suppressed cancer cells glucose uptake and subsequently induced cancer cell death. These findings suggest a new role of B. frutescens in cancer cell metabolism.
桃金娘科的拔克西木（Baeckea frutescens）是一种在传统医学中使用的植物。它具有抗菌、解热和细胞保护作用。本研究的目的是探讨拔克西木叶提取物消除乳腺癌细胞的机制。
使用索氏提取器用不同极性的溶剂制备拔克西木叶提取物。用细胞活力测定法在 24、48 和 72 小时处理后，测试这些提取物在不同浓度（20 至 160μg/ml）下的选择性细胞毒性。测定人乳腺癌（MCF-7 和 MDA-MB-231）和乳腺（MCF10A）细胞系的 IC 值。使用荧光显微镜进行 AO/PI 双重染色的凋亡研究。使用荧光葡萄糖类似物 2-NBDG 测量葡萄糖摄取。进行生物碱、类黄酮、单宁、三萜和酚类的植物化学筛选。
拔克西木叶提取物在 MCF-7 细胞中 72 小时处理后，IC 值范围为 10-127μg/ml。己烷提取物的 IC 值最低（10μg/ml），表明其具有很强的选择性细胞毒性。用拔克西木提取物处理后的 MCF-7 细胞形态显示出凋亡的证据，包括细胞膜起泡和染色质浓缩。在葡萄糖摄取测定中，拔克西木提取物在治疗后 24 小时即可抑制癌细胞的葡萄糖摄取。与阳性对照物 WZB117 相比，在 72 小时孵育后，抑制作用明显较低。还表明，与正常细胞相比，葡萄糖抑制是针对癌细胞的。使用己烷作为溶剂的提取物的植物化学分析，特别是给出了类似量的单宁、三萜、类黄酮和酚类。推测这些代谢物在体外测试中具有协同作用，产生了有效的 IC 值，随后导致细胞死亡。
本研究报告了拔克西木叶己烷提取物对 MCF-7 癌细胞的强选择性细胞毒性作用。拔克西木提取物选择性地抑制癌细胞的葡萄糖摄取，随后诱导癌细胞死亡。这些发现提示了拔克西木在癌细胞代谢中的新作用。
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