Rubin Asaf, Callaghan Chris William
School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
Heliyon. 2019 Aug 31;5(8):e02328. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02328. eCollection 2019 Aug.
To what extent are academics entrepreneurial, and to what extent does an entrepreneurial orientation contribute to higher research productivity in higher education? According to some schools of thought, academic research is conducted within 'paradigms' or circumscribed areas of study, with the implication that certain research might not be inherently innovative. This research sought to investigate the extent to which individuals with higher self-reported levels of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), as well as the propensity to apply novel technological methods (such as crowdfunding and crowdsourced R&D) in their research, have higher levels of research productivity. Applying a comprehensive purposive sampling process, a large South African university was sampled. A total of 292 usable responses were obtained, and these were analysed using ordinary least squares. In order to test the robustness of results, two further tests were applied, namely bootstrapping and negative binomial regression analysis. Findings suggest that individuals with higher endowments of entrepreneurial orientation may be more research productive. Interestingly, innovativeness is not found to be significantly related to academic research productivity. It is concluded that further synthesis between educational and entrepreneurship theory might offer useful insights for the improvement of societally important research productivity. It is also concluded, however, that novel technological methods such as crowdfunding may be underutilised in the academic context. Given the resource constraints faced by those in higher education, particularly in the developing-country context of this study, this underutilisation may point to important opportunities in the sector.
学者的创业精神体现在哪些方面,创业导向在多大程度上有助于提高高等教育中的研究生产力?根据一些思想流派的观点,学术研究是在“范式”或限定的研究领域内进行的,这意味着某些研究可能并非天生具有创新性。本研究旨在调查那些自我报告的创业导向(EO)水平较高,以及在研究中应用新颖技术方法(如众筹和众包研发)倾向较高的个体,其研究生产力水平是否更高。通过全面的目的抽样过程,选取了一所大型南非大学作为样本。共获得292份有效回复,并使用普通最小二乘法进行分析。为了检验结果的稳健性,还应用了另外两种测试,即自抽样法和负二项回归分析。研究结果表明,创业导向禀赋较高的个体可能具有更高的研究生产力。有趣的是,创新性与学术研究生产力之间并未发现显著关联。研究得出结论,教育理论与创业理论之间的进一步融合可能为提高具有社会重要性的研究生产力提供有益见解。然而,研究也得出结论,众筹等新颖技术方法在学术环境中可能未得到充分利用。鉴于高等教育从业者面临的资源限制,特别是在本研究的发展中国家背景下,这种未充分利用可能指向该领域的重要机遇。