Botonis Petros G, Toubekis Argyris G, Terzis Gerasimos D, Geladas Nickos D, Platanou Theodoros I
Division of Aquatic Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J Hum Kinet. 2019 Jul 5;67:175-184. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0001. eCollection 2019 Jun.
The purpose of the study was to examine changes in performance and match-induced fatigue over a 27-week training period. Eight national-level water-polo players performed a 5 x 200 m swimming test to calculate velocities corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol.l at three testing periods: i) baseline, ii) end of the pre-season (8 weeks of 4 x 4 min swimming bouts), iii) end of the in-season (8 weeks of 8 x 20 m swimming sprints). During each testing period, four competitive matches were played and repeated sprints (8 x 20 m), 400 m swimming, and shooting accuracy were evaluated at the pre- and post-match. Repeated sprint tests were also conducted at mid-game. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to detect changes among training periods and within games. Swimming velocities corresponding to 4.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol.l were increased after the pre-season by 9%, 7.7%, and 6.7% (p < 0.01) and decreased following the in-season compared to the pre-season by 8.9%, 7.0% and 3.3% (p < 0.01), respectively. Pre-match repeated sprints and 400 m performance were improved after the pre-season by 4.3% and 3.8% (p < 0.01) and decreased by ~3% after the in-season compared to the pre-season (p < 0.01). Mid- and post-match repeated sprint performance was improved after the pre-season by 4.8 ± 1.4% and 4.4 ± 1.1% and remained unchanged after the in-season compared to the pre-season. Post-match 400 m speed was improved by 3.2% after the pre-season (p < 0.01) and decreased by 2.8% after the in-season (p = 0.04).Pre-season training improved players' aerobic endurance and performance. Intensified in-season training decreased aerobic power, endurance, and pre-match performance while maintaining match repeated sprint performance.
该研究的目的是考察在为期27周的训练期间运动员表现的变化以及比赛引起的疲劳情况。8名国家级水球运动员进行了一项5×200米游泳测试，以计算在三个测试阶段对应于血乳酸浓度4.0、5.0和10.0 mmol/L时的速度：i）基线期，ii）季前赛结束时（8周，每周进行4次4分钟游泳冲刺），iii）赛季中结束时（8周，每周进行8次20米游泳冲刺）。在每个测试阶段，运动员进行4场比赛，并在赛前和赛后评估重复冲刺（8×20米）、400米游泳和射门准确性。在比赛中场时也进行重复冲刺测试。采用重复测量方差分析来检测训练阶段之间以及比赛过程中的变化。与基线期相比，季前赛结束时对应于4.0、5.0和10.0 mmol/L的游泳速度分别提高了9%、7.7%和6.7%（p<0.01），而赛季中结束时与季前赛结束时相比分别下降了8.9%、7.0%和3.3%（p<0.01）。与季前赛结束时相比，季前赛结束后赛前重复冲刺和400米成绩分别提高了4.3%和3.8%（p<0.01），赛季中结束时与季前赛结束时相比下降了约3%（p<0.01）。与季前赛结束时相比，季前赛结束后比赛中场和赛后的重复冲刺成绩分别提高了4.8±1.4%和4.4±1.1%，赛季中结束时与季前赛结束时相比保持不变。与季前赛结束时相比，季前赛结束后赛后400米速度提高了3.2%（p<0.01），赛季中结束时下降了2.8%（p=0.04）。季前赛训练提高了运动员的有氧耐力和表现。强化的赛季中训练降低了有氧能力、耐力和赛前表现，同时保持了比赛中的重复冲刺表现。
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