Vlachos George S, Scarmeas Nikolaos
1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece.
1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2019 Mar;21(1):69-82. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.1/nscarmeas.
Dietary intervention is an enticing approach in the fight against cognitive impairment. Nutritional supplements and dietetic counseling are relatively easy and benign interventions, but research has not yet yielded irrefutable evidence as to their clinical utility. Heterogeneity in the results of available clinical studies, as well as methodological and practical issues, does not allow replication and generalization of findings. The paper at hand reviews only randomized clinical trials of single nutrients, multi-nutrient formulations and dietary counseling in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of the Alzheimer's type focusing on both cognitive and functional outcomes. Thus far, folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, and certain multi-nutrient formulations have shown some preliminary promising results; larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings before nutritional elements can be incorporated in recommended clinical guidelines.
饮食干预是对抗认知障碍的一种诱人方法。营养补充剂和饮食咨询是相对简单且无害的干预措施，但研究尚未得出关于其临床效用的确凿证据。现有临床研究结果的异质性以及方法学和实际问题，使得研究结果无法复制和推广。本文仅综述了针对轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病型痴呆的单一营养素、多种营养素配方和饮食咨询的随机临床试验，重点关注认知和功能结果。到目前为止，叶酸、维生素E、Ω-3脂肪酸以及某些多种营养素配方已显示出一些初步的有前景的结果；在将营养元素纳入推荐的临床指南之前，需要进行更大规模、设计良好的试验来证实这些发现。
