Laboratory of Human Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, Sport Section, University of the Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria, Spain.
Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Campus of Donostia-San Sebastián, 20012 San Sebastián, Spain.
Nutrients. 2019 Oct 20;11(10):2528. doi: 10.3390/nu11102528.
Although there are many studies showing the isolated effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), it is not clear what effect they have when they are combined. The main purpose of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of mixing CrM plus HMB in comparison with their isolated effects on sports performance, body composition, exercise induced markers of muscle damage, and anabolic-catabolic hormones. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement guidelines and the PICOS model, for the definition of the inclusion criteria. Studies were found by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus electronic databases from inception to July 3rd 2019. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed by two authors independently, and disagreements were resolved by third-party evaluation, in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines samples. The literature was examined regarding the effects of the combination of CrM plus HMB on sport performance using several outcome variables (athletic performance, body composition, markers of muscle damage, and hormone status). This systematic review included six articles that investigated the effects of CrM plus HMB on sport performance (two on strength performance, showing improvements in one of them; three on anaerobic performance, presenting enhancements in two of them; and one on aerobic performance, not presenting improvements), body composition (three on body mass, showing improvements in one of them; two on fat free mass, presenting increases in one of them; and two on fat mass, showing decreases in one of them) and markers of muscle damage and hormone status (four on markers of muscle damage and one on anabolic-catabolic hormones, not showing benefits in any of them). In summary, the combination of 3-10 g/day of CrM plus 3 g/day of HMB for 1-6 weeks could produce potential positive effects on sport performance (strength and anaerobic performance) and for 4 weeks on body composition (increasing fat free mass and decreasing fat mass). However, this combination seems to not show positive effects relating to markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and anabolic-catabolic hormones.
尽管有许多研究表明肌酸一水合物（CrM）和β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸（HMB）的单独作用，但不清楚它们结合时会产生什么影响。本系统评价的主要目的是确定 CrM 加 HMB 混合使用与它们单独对运动表现、身体成分、运动引起的肌肉损伤标志物和合成代谢-分解代谢激素的影响相比的效果。本系统评价按照 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）声明指南和 PICOS 模型进行，用于定义纳入标准。通过搜索 PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science（WOS）和 Scopus 电子数据库，从成立到 2019 年 7 月 3 日发现了研究。两名作者独立评估方法学质量和偏倚风险，如有分歧则由第三方评估解决，符合 Cochrane 协作组指南样本。文献中检查了 CrM 加 HMB 联合使用对运动表现的影响，使用了几个结果变量（运动表现、身体成分、肌肉损伤标志物和激素状态）。本系统评价包括六篇研究 CrM 加 HMB 对运动表现影响的文章（两篇关于力量表现，其中一篇显示有改善；三篇关于无氧表现，其中两篇显示有提高；一篇关于有氧表现，没有显示有改善），身体成分（三篇关于体重，其中一篇显示有改善；两篇关于去脂体重，其中一篇显示有增加；两篇关于体脂，其中一篇显示有减少）和肌肉损伤标志物和激素状态（四篇关于肌肉损伤标志物，一篇关于合成代谢-分解代谢激素，都没有显示有好处）。总之，每天 3-10 克的 CrM 加每天 3 克的 HMB 联合使用 1-6 周可能对运动表现（力量和无氧表现）产生潜在的积极影响，对 4 周的身体成分（增加去脂体重和减少体脂）产生积极影响。然而，这种组合似乎对运动引起的肌肉损伤标志物和合成代谢-分解代谢激素没有显示出积极的效果。
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