Purdue University, Dept. of Sociology, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.
The Ohio State University, Dept. of Sociology, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 25;14(10):e0223152. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223152. eCollection 2019.
Using a nationally representative longitudinal cohort, we examine how cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with heterogeneous pathways of marijuana use from age sixteen through young adulthood. We also examine whether this relationship can be explained by the role of cognitive aptitude in the social organization of peer group deviance.
Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we identified 5 latent trajectories of frequency of marijuana use between ages 16 and 26: abstainers, dabblers, early heavy quitters, consistent users, and persistent heavy users. Multinomial regression assessed the relationship of cognitive aptitude in early adolescence with these latent trajectories, including the role of peer group substance use in this relationship.
A one decile increase in cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with greater relative risk of the dabbler trajectory (RR = 1.048; p < .001) and consistent user trajectory (RR = 1.126; p < .001), but lower relative risk of the early heavy quitter trajectory (RR = 0.917; p < .05) in comparison with the abstainer trajectory. There was no effect for the persistent heavy user trajectory. The inclusion of peer group substance use-either via illegal drugs or smoking-had no effect on these relationships.
Adolescents who rate higher in cognitive aptitude during early adolescence may be more likely to enter into consistent but not extreme trajectories of marijuana use as they age into young adulthood. Cognition may not influence patterns of marijuana use over time via the organization of peer groups.
本研究使用全国代表性的纵向队列，考察了青少年早期认知能力与从 16 岁到成年早期的大麻使用异质途径之间的关系。我们还探讨了认知能力在同伴群体偏差的社会组织中的作用是否可以解释这种关系。
使用 1997 年全国青年纵向调查，我们确定了 16 岁至 26 岁之间大麻使用频率的 5 种潜在轨迹：禁欲者、涉猎者、早期重度戒烟者、持续使用者和持续重度使用者。多项回归评估了青少年早期认知能力与这些潜在轨迹的关系，包括同伴群体药物使用在这种关系中的作用。
青少年早期认知能力每增加十分之一，涉猎者轨迹（RR=1.048;p<0.001）和持续使用者轨迹（RR=1.126;p<0.001）的相对风险增加，而早期重度戒烟者轨迹（RR=0.917;p<0.05）的相对风险降低。与禁欲者轨迹相比，持续重度使用者轨迹没有影响。同伴群体药物使用（无论是非法毒品还是吸烟）的纳入对这些关系没有影响。
青少年早期认知能力较高的青少年在成年早期可能更有可能进入持续但非极端的大麻使用轨迹。认知能力可能不会通过同伴群体的组织影响大麻使用的模式随时间的变化。
