Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Independent Researcher, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan;4(1):23-35. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
Physical activity has many health benefits for young people. In 2018, WHO launched More Active People for a Healthier World, a new global action on physical activity, including new targets of a 15% relative reduction of global prevalence of insufficient physical activity by 2030 among adolescents and adults. We describe current prevalence and trends of insufficient physical activity among school-going adolescents aged 11-17 years by country, region, and globally.
We did a pooled analysis of cross-sectional survey data that were collected through random sampling with a sample size of at least 100 individuals, were representative of a national or defined subnational population, and reported prevalence of of insufficient physical activity by sex in adolescents. Prevalence had to be reported for at least three of the years of age within the 10-19-year age range. We estimated the prevalence of insufficient physical activity in school-going adolescents aged 11-17 years (combined and by sex) for individual countries, for four World Bank income groups, nine regions, and globally for the years 2001-16. To derive a standard definition of insufficient physical activity and to adjust for urban-only survey coverage, we used regression models. We estimated time trends using multilevel mixed-effects modelling.
We used data from 298 school-based surveys from 146 countries, territories, and areas including 1·6 million students aged 11-17 years. Globally, in 2016, 81·0% (95% uncertainty interval 77·8-87·7) of students aged 11-17 years were insufficiently physically active (77·6% [76·1-80·4] of boys and 84·7% [83·0-88·2] of girls). Although prevalence of insufficient physical activity significantly decreased between 2001 and 2016 for boys (from 80·1% [78·3-81·6] in 2001), there was no significant change for girls (from 85·1% [83·1-88·0] in 2001). There was no clear pattern according to country income group: insufficient activity prevalence in 2016 was 84·9% (82·6-88·2) in low-income countries, 79·3% (77·2-87·5) in lower-middle-income countries, 83·9% (79·5-89·2) in upper-middle-income countries, and 79·4% (74·0-86·2) in high-income countries. The region with the highest prevalence of insufficient activity in 2016 was high-income Asia Pacific for both boys (89·0%, 62·8-92·2) and girls (95·6%, 73·7-97·9). The regions with the lowest prevalence were high-income western countries for boys (72·1%, 71·1-73·6), and south Asia for girls (77·5%, 72·8-89·3). In 2016, 27 countries had a prevalence of insufficient activity of 90% or more for girls, whereas this was the case for two countries for boys.
The majority of adolescents do not meet current physical activity guidelines. Urgent scaling up of implementation of known effective policies and programmes is needed to increase activity in adolescents. Investment and leadership at all levels to intervene on the multiple causes and inequities that might perpetuate the low participation in physical activity and sex differences, as well as engagement of youth themselves, will be vital to strengthen the opportunities for physical activity in all communities. Such action will improve the health of this and future young generations and support achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
WHO.
体育活动对年轻人的健康有诸多益处。2018 年，世卫组织发起了“为健康世界而行动——促进积极生活”全球行动，其中包含了一项新的全球体育活动目标，即到 2030 年，将全球青少年和成年人中活动不足的比例相对减少 15%。我们描述了目前各国、各区域和全球范围内 11-17 岁在校青少年活动不足的流行率和趋势。
我们对横断面调查数据进行了汇总分析，这些数据是通过随机抽样收集的，样本量至少为 100 人，代表了全国或特定次国家人口，并报告了青少年中活动不足的流行率。在 10-19 岁年龄范围内，至少要有 3 年的数据报告活动不足的流行率。我们估计了各国 11-17 岁在校青少年（合并及按性别）活动不足的流行率（2001-16 年），还按世界银行收入分组、9 个区域和全球进行了估计。为了确定活动不足的标准定义并调整仅覆盖城市的调查情况，我们使用了回归模型。我们采用多水平混合效应模型来估计时间趋势。
我们使用了来自 146 个国家、地区和领土的 298 项基于学校的调查数据，其中包括 160 万名 11-17 岁的学生。全球范围内，2016 年有 81.0%（95%不确定区间 77.8-87.7）的 11-17 岁学生活动不足（男生 77.6%[76.1-80.4]，女生 84.7%[83.0-88.2]）。虽然男生的活动不足流行率从 2001 年的 80.1%（78.3-81.6）显著下降，但女生没有明显变化（2001 年为 85.1%[83.1-88.0]）。按国家收入组没有明显的模式：2016 年，低收入国家的活动不足流行率为 84.9%（82.6-88.2），中下收入国家为 79.3%（77.2-87.5），中上收入国家为 83.9%（79.5-89.2），高收入国家为 79.4%（74.0-86.2）。2016 年，活动不足流行率最高的是高收入亚太地区，男生为 89.0%（62.8-92.2），女生为 95.6%（73.7-97.9）。流行率最低的是高收入西方国家的男生（72.1%[71.1-73.6]）和南亚的女生（77.5%[72.8-89.3]）。2016 年，有 27 个国家女生的活动不足流行率达到或超过 90%，而男生只有 2 个国家如此。
大多数青少年都没有达到当前的体育活动指南标准。迫切需要加大实施已知有效政策和方案的力度，以增加青少年的活动量。各级都需要投资和领导，干预可能导致活动参与度低和性别差异持续存在的多种原因和不平等现象，并让青年自身参与其中，这对加强所有社区的体育活动机会至关重要。这种行动将改善这一代和未来几代年轻人的健康状况，并支持实现 2030 年可持续发展目标。
世卫组织。
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