牛奶脂肪摄入量与美国男女端粒长度：牛奶脂肪成分的作用。
Milk Fat Intake and Telomere Length in U.S. Women and Men: The Role of the Milk Fat Fraction.
机构信息
Brigham Young University, College of Life Sciences, 106 SFH, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
出版信息
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Oct 28;2019:1574021. doi: 10.1155/2019/1574021. eCollection 2019.
The associations between milk intake frequency and milk fat consumption and telomere length, an index of biological aging, were studied using an NHANES sample of 5,834 U.S. adults and a cross-sectional design. The milk consumption variables were assessed with the NHANES Diet Behavior and Nutrition questionnaire. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure leukocyte telomere length. Results showed that milk consumption frequency was not related to telomere length; however, there was a strong association between milk fat intake and telomere length. With the sample delimited to milk drinkers only, milk fat intake was linearly and inversely related to telomere length, after adjusting for the covariates ( = 8.6, = 0.0066). For each 1 percentage point increase in milk fat consumed (e.g., 1% to 2%), adults had more than 4 years of additional biological aging. With milk fat intake divided into 5 categories (i.e., milk abstainers, nonfat, 1%, 2%, and full-fat milk), mean telomere lengths differed across the categories ( = 4.1, = 0.0093). The mean telomere difference between the extremes of milk fat intake (nonfat vs. full-fat) was 145 base pairs, representing years of additional biological aging for full-fat milk consumers. Effect modification testing indicated that the milk fat and cellular aging association may be partly due to saturated fat intake differences across the milk fat groups. When the sample was delimited to adults reporting only high total saturated fat intake (tertile 3), the milk fat and telomere relationship was strong. However, when the sample was restricted to adults reporting only low saturated fat consumption (tertile 1), there was no relationship between milk fat intake and telomere length. Overall, the findings highlight an association of increased biological aging in U.S. adults who consumed high-fat milk. The results support the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015-2020), which recommend consumption of low-fat milk, but not high-fat milk, as part of a healthy diet.
这项研究采用了横断面设计，利用美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）的 5834 名美国成年人样本，研究了牛奶摄入频率和牛奶脂肪摄入量与端粒长度（生物衰老的一个指标）之间的关联。牛奶摄入量的变量是通过 NHANES 饮食行为和营养问卷来评估的。定量聚合酶链反应方法用于测量白细胞端粒长度。结果表明，牛奶消耗频率与端粒长度无关；然而，牛奶脂肪摄入量与端粒长度有很强的关联。在将样本限定为仅饮用牛奶的人群中，在校正了协变量后，牛奶脂肪摄入量与端粒长度呈线性反比关系（ = 8.6， = 0.0066）。对于每增加 1 个百分点的牛奶脂肪摄入（例如，从 1%增加到 2%），成年人的生物衰老会增加超过 4 年。根据牛奶脂肪摄入量分为 5 类（即，不喝牛奶者、脱脂、1%、2%和全脂牛奶），不同类别之间的平均端粒长度存在差异（ = 4.1， = 0.0093）。在牛奶脂肪摄入量极值（不喝牛奶者与全脂牛奶者）之间，平均端粒差异为 145 个碱基对，这代表全脂牛奶消费者额外的生物衰老年数。效应修饰检验表明，牛奶脂肪与细胞衰老的关联可能部分归因于不同牛奶脂肪组之间的饱和脂肪摄入量差异。当样本仅限于报告高总饱和脂肪摄入量（第三三分位数）的成年人时，牛奶脂肪与端粒的关系很强。然而，当样本仅限于报告低饱和脂肪摄入量（第一三分位数）的成年人时，牛奶脂肪摄入量与端粒长度之间没有关系。总的来说，这些发现强调了美国成年人摄入高脂肪牛奶会导致生物衰老增加。研究结果支持了最新的《美国人饮食指南（2015-2020）》，该指南建议将低脂牛奶而不是高脂肪牛奶作为健康饮食的一部分。
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