In Search for Volleyball Entertainment: Impact of New Game Rules on Score and Time-Related Variables.

The aim of this research was to analyse the impact of various game structures on score and time-related variables in elite volleyball. A total of 114 male matches and 76 female matches (38 matches for each tournament) were analysed in under-23 world championships. An observational design was implemented to measure match duration, points scored per match and set, set point differences, tournament phase, match balance, and set tendencies in various game structures (set to 21, to 25 or to 15 points) in male and female categories. Standardised differences in mean values showed that a 15-point set game structure led to shortest matches and smallest time variability in match duration, the largest number of points per match, and greatest equality in terms of set score differences in both the male and the female category. The use of various game structures in training may be useful to coaches and conditioning specialists when planning training schemes and sessions, by introducing different game structures to manage volume and intensity in training more effectively. These results may also be useful to local and/or national volleyball federations willing to attract new young players, to promote learning and to render volleyball a fun activity, by implementing S15 at initial stages. In addition, they could be useful to international federations or committees, so as to attract larger audiences and sponsors interested in more appealing matches with high levels of competitiveness and entertainment.