Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60123 Ancona, Italy.
The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and Center for Celiac Research, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 4;12(1):143. doi: 10.3390/nu12010143.
The only effective treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a life-long strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Nutritional adequacy of the GFD has remained controversial and a matter of debate for a long time. No large case-control studies on children regarding the nutritional adequacy of the GFD has been performed. In this study, children diagnosed with CD on a GFD for ≥ 2 years were recruited. Controls were age and gender-matched healthy children not affected with CD. In both groups, anthropometric measurements and energy expenditure information were collected. Dietary assessment was performed by a 3-day food diary. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was estimated by the KIDMED index. Overall, 120 children with CD and 100 healthy children were enrolled. No differences were found between CD children and controls in anthropometric measurements and energy expenditure. In the CD group, the daily intake of fats was significantly higher while the consumption of fiber was lower in comparison with the control group. The median KIDMED index was 6.5 in CD children and 6.8 in healthy controls. The diet of children with CD in this study was nutritionally less balanced than controls, with a higher intake of fat and a lower intake of fiber, highlighting the need for dietary counseling.
乳糜泻（CD）的唯一有效治疗方法是终生严格的无麸质饮食（GFD）。GFD 的营养充足性一直存在争议，并且长期以来一直是争论的焦点。没有针对儿童 GFD 营养充足性的大型病例对照研究。在这项研究中，招募了在 GFD 上诊断出患有 CD 且≥2 年的儿童。对照组为年龄和性别匹配且未患有 CD 的健康儿童。在两组中，均收集了人体测量学测量和能量消耗信息。通过 3 天的食物日记进行饮食评估。通过 KIDMED 指数评估对地中海饮食的依从性。总共纳入了 120 名患有 CD 的儿童和 100 名健康儿童。CD 患儿与对照组在人体测量学测量和能量消耗方面无差异。与对照组相比，CD 组的脂肪日摄入量明显更高，而纤维摄入量较低。CD 患儿的中位数 KIDMED 指数为 6.5，健康对照组为 6.8。与对照组相比，本研究中 CD 患儿的饮食在营养上更不均衡，脂肪摄入量较高，纤维摄入量较低，突出了饮食咨询的必要性。
