Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Nutr Rev. 2020 Oct 1;78(10):841-856. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz110.
The presence of retail food establishments around schools can be a potentiating or protective factor for overweight in students, depending on access to these places as well as types of foods available therein. The hypothesis for this study was that a greater density and proximity of retail food establishments around schools influence the weight of students.
To systematically review the available observational literature on the association between retail food establishments around schools and the occurrence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren and adolescents.
Observational studies were searched in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases published until May 2019.
Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data.
Data on the 31 included studies were summarized with narrative synthesis according to meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology, exploring the type of food establishments around schools and analyzing qualitatively the impact of proximity or density on overweight and obesity rates.
Of the 31 articles, a direct association between proximity or density of establishments (mainly fast food restaurants, convenience stores, grocery stores) around schools and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents were found in 14 studies. However, authors of 13 papers found no association and inverse association was presented in 4 papers. The studies presented different methods of classification, location, and analysis of retail food establishments, making it difficult to conclude the real influence that the presence of these establishments near schools have on the nutritional status of children and adolescents. Therefore, future studies should consider the use of longitudinal designs and standardized analysis of the food environment around schools to better understand this food environment and its influence on health-related behaviors.
学校周围零售食品店的存在可能是学生超重的促进因素或保护因素，具体取决于学生接触这些场所的机会以及这些场所提供的食物类型。本研究的假设是，学校周围零售食品店的密度和接近度增加会影响学生的体重。
系统综述有关学校周围零售食品店与学童和青少年超重和肥胖发生之间关联的现有观察性文献。
在 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 SCOPUS 数据库中搜索发表至 2019 年 5 月的观察性研究。
两名独立的审查员提取相关数据。
根据流行病学观察性研究的荟萃分析，根据综合分析总结了 31 项纳入研究的数据，探讨了学校周围食品店的类型，并从定性角度分析了接近度或密度对超重和肥胖率的影响。
在 31 篇文章中，有 14 项研究发现学校周围的商店（主要是快餐店、便利店、杂货店）的接近度或密度与儿童和青少年超重和肥胖之间存在直接关联。然而，13 篇论文的作者没有发现关联，4 篇论文提出了相反的关联。这些研究采用了不同的分类、定位和零售食品店分析方法，使得难以得出这些商店在学校附近对儿童和青少年营养状况的真正影响。因此，未来的研究应考虑使用纵向设计和对学校周围食品环境的标准化分析，以更好地了解这种食品环境及其对与健康相关行为的影响。
