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Yongwoo Jang, Minseok Kim, Sun Wook Hwang
Department of Psychiatry and Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Jan 22;17(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-1703-1.
Arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins not only contribute to the development of inflammation as intercellular pro-inflammatory mediators, but also promote the excitability of the peripheral somatosensory system, contributing to pain exacerbation. Peripheral tissues undergo many forms of diseases that are frequently accompanied by inflammation. The somatosensory nerves innervating the inflamed areas experience heightened excitability and generate and transmit pain signals. Extensive studies have been carried out to elucidate how prostaglandins play their roles for such signaling at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we briefly summarize the roles of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins, focusing on four prostaglandins and one thromboxane, particularly in terms of their actions on afferent nociceptors. We discuss the biosynthesis of the prostaglandins, their specific action sites, the pathological alteration of the expression levels of related proteins, the neuronal outcomes of receptor stimulation, their correlation with behavioral nociception, and the pharmacological efficacy of their regulators. This overview will help to a better understanding of the pathological roles that prostaglandins play in the somatosensory system and to a finding of critical molecular contributors to normalizing pain.
花生四烯酸衍生的前列腺素不仅作为细胞间促炎介质促进炎症的发展，还促进外周感觉系统的兴奋性，导致疼痛加剧。外周组织经历多种形式的疾病，这些疾病常常伴有炎症。支配炎症区域的感觉神经兴奋性增加，并产生和传递疼痛信号。已经进行了广泛的研究来阐明前列腺素在细胞和分子水平上如何发挥作用。在这里，我们简要总结了花生四烯酸衍生的前列腺素的作用，重点介绍了四种前列腺素和一种血栓素，特别是它们在伤害感受器上的作用。我们讨论了前列腺素的生物合成、它们的特定作用部位、相关蛋白表达水平的病理改变、受体刺激的神经元结果、它们与行为性疼痛的相关性以及其调节剂的药理学功效。这篇综述将有助于更好地理解前列腺素在感觉系统中发挥的病理作用，并找到调节疼痛的关键分子贡献者。
