肺癌 2020：流行病学、病因学和预防。

Lung Cancer 2020: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention.

机构信息

Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208057, 300 Cedar Street TAC-441 South, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.

出版信息

Clin Chest Med. 2020 Mar;41(1):1-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.001.

DOI:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.001

PMID:32008623

Abstract

Despite advances in our understanding of risk, development, immunologic control, and treatment options for lung cancer, it remains the leading cause of cancer death. Tobacco smoking remains the predominant risk factor for lung cancer development. Nontobacco risk factors include environmental and occupational exposures, chronic lung disease, lung infections, and lifestyle factors. Because tobacco remains the leading risk factor for lung cancer, disease prevention is focused on smoking avoidance and cessation. Other prevention measures include healthy diet choices and maintaining a physically active lifestyle. Future work should focus on smoking cessation campaigns and better understanding disease development and treatment strategies in nonsmokers.

摘要

尽管我们在肺癌的风险、发展、免疫控制和治疗选择方面有了进展，但它仍然是癌症死亡的主要原因。吸烟仍然是肺癌发展的主要危险因素。非烟草危险因素包括环境和职业暴露、慢性肺部疾病、肺部感染和生活方式因素。由于烟草仍然是肺癌的主要危险因素，因此疾病预防的重点是避免和戒烟。其他预防措施包括选择健康的饮食和保持积极的生活方式。未来的工作应集中在戒烟运动上，并更好地了解不吸烟者的疾病发展和治疗策略。