一般健康状况恶化对养老院居民口腔健康的短期影响。
Short-Term Effects of a Deterioration of General Health on the Oral Health of Nursing-Home Residents.
机构信息
University of Heidelberg, Dental School, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
University of Heidelberg, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
出版信息
Clin Interv Aging. 2020 Jan 9;15:29-38. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S234938. eCollection 2020.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify how changes to general health might affect the oral health of nursing-home residents over a six-month period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted in nine nursing homes in Germany. Sociodemographic and general data were collected at baseline and after six months. Complete baseline and follow-up data were available for 114 participants. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) were used to identify the presence and, if applicable, severity of dementia among participants. The Apraxia Screen of TULIA (AST) was used to identify motor impairment. A comprehensive dental examination of each participant was also performed. The examination included the documentation of dental and denture status and the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T). In addition, dental and denture hygiene were quantitatively assessed using the Plaque Index (PI) and the Denture Hygiene Index (DHI), respectively. Global dental treatment needs were evaluated by use of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were compiled to analyse possible factors affecting the dependent target variables.
RESULTS
During the study period, denture hygiene among the study population worsened by an average of 15%. The regression models detected that a more advanced age (in years) was associated with a less pronounced deterioration of denture hygiene as measured by use of the DHI (-0.806 per additional year of age; = 0.030). Furthermore, an increase in the level of care needed (coefficient (C): -1.948; = 0.002) and a more poorly graded assessment of general health compared with the value at baseline (C: 1.054; = 0.026) were both associated with a deterioration of oral health as evaluated by use of the OHAT. In addition to these results, an increase in care needs was also associated with a deterioration of dental health as evaluated by use of the DMF-T (C: 0.966; = 0.013).
CONCLUSION
In the short term, a deterioration of general health, including an increase in care needs, seems to be the predominant factor associated with a more pronounced deterioration of oral health among nursing-home residents.
目的
本研究旨在探讨一般健康状况的变化在六个月内如何影响养老院居民的口腔健康。
材料和方法
该研究在德国的 9 家养老院进行。在基线和 6 个月后收集社会人口统计学和一般数据。共有 114 名参与者提供了完整的基线和随访数据。使用临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）和总体衰退量表（GDS）来确定参与者是否存在痴呆以及（如果适用）痴呆的严重程度。使用 TULIA 失用症筛查（AST）来确定运动障碍。还对每位参与者进行了全面的口腔检查。检查包括记录牙齿和义齿状况以及龋齿、缺失和填充的牙齿数量（DMF-T）。此外，使用菌斑指数（PI）和义齿卫生指数（DHI）分别对牙齿和义齿卫生进行定量评估。使用口腔健康评估工具（OHAT）评估总体牙科治疗需求。使用单变量和多变量线性回归模型分析可能影响依赖目标变量的因素。
结果
在研究期间，研究人群的义齿卫生状况平均恶化了 15%。回归模型检测到，年龄（岁）每增加 1 年，DHI 测量的义齿卫生恶化程度就会降低 0.806（ = 0.030）。此外，护理需求增加（系数（C）：-1.948； = 0.002）以及与基线相比，一般健康状况评估分级较差（C：1.054； = 0.026），均与使用 OHAT 评估的口腔健康恶化相关。除了这些结果外，护理需求的增加还与使用 DMF-T 评估的牙齿健康恶化相关（C：0.966； = 0.013）。
结论
短期内，一般健康状况的恶化，包括护理需求的增加，似乎是与养老院居民口腔健康恶化更显著相关的主要因素。
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