Schneider Darryl W
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2020 Jul;82(5):2257-2270. doi: 10.3758/s13414-020-01993-5.
Cognitive control over information processing can be implemented by selective attention, but it is often suboptimal, as indicated by congruency effects arising from processing of irrelevant stimulus features. Research has revealed that congruency effects in some tasks are larger when subjects are more alert, and it has been suggested that this alerting-congruency interaction might be associated with spatial information processing. The author investigated the generality of the interaction by conducting a preregistered set of four experiments in which alertness was manipulated in variants of the spatial Stroop task, which involved classifying the spatial meaning of a stimulus presented at an irrelevant position. Regardless of stimulus type (arrows or words) and spatial dimension (horizontal or vertical), significant alerting-congruency interactions for response times were found in all experiments. The results are consistent with the suggestion that spatial attention and spatial information processing are important sources of the interaction, with implications for understanding how alertness is related to cognitive control.
对信息处理的认知控制可通过选择性注意来实现，但往往并非最优，这一点可从无关刺激特征处理产生的一致性效应中看出。研究表明，在某些任务中，当受试者更加警觉时，一致性效应会更大，并且有人提出这种警觉 - 一致性交互作用可能与空间信息处理有关。作者通过进行一组预先注册的四个实验来研究这种交互作用的普遍性，在这些实验中，警觉性在空间斯特鲁普任务的变体中受到操控，该任务涉及对出现在无关位置的刺激的空间意义进行分类。无论刺激类型（箭头或单词）和空间维度（水平或垂直）如何，在所有实验中均发现了反应时间上显著的警觉 - 一致性交互作用。这些结果与以下观点一致，即空间注意和空间信息处理是这种交互作用的重要来源，这对于理解警觉性如何与认知控制相关具有启示意义。
