最多等待 10 秒，若超时请稍后重试。
Hiroyuki Yamakawa, Dai Kusumoto, Hisayuki Hashimoto, Shinsuke Yuasa
Department of Cardiology Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582 Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 6;21(5):1830. doi: 10.3390/ijms21051830.
Skeletal muscle comprises 30-40% of the weight of a healthy human body and is required for voluntary movements in humans. Mature skeletal muscle is formed by multinuclear cells, which are called myofibers. Formation of myofibers depends on the proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of muscle progenitor cells during development and after injury. Muscle progenitor cells are derived from muscle satellite (stem) cells (MuSCs), which reside on the surface of the myofiber but beneath the basement membrane. MuSCs play a central role in postnatal maintenance, growth, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. In sedentary adult muscle, MuSCs are mitotically quiescent, but are promptly activated in response to muscle injury. Physiological and chronological aging induces MuSC aging, leading to an impaired regenerative capability. Importantly, in pathological situations, repetitive muscle injury induces early impairment of MuSCs due to stem cell aging and leads to early impairment of regeneration ability. In this review, we discuss (1) the role of MuSCs in muscle regeneration, (2) stem cell aging under physiological and pathological conditions, and (3) prospects related to clinical applications of controlling MuSCs.
骨骼肌占健康人体重的 30-40%，是人类进行自主运动所必需的。成熟的骨骼肌由多核细胞组成，这些细胞被称为肌纤维。肌纤维的形成依赖于肌肉祖细胞在发育过程中和损伤后的增殖、分化和融合。肌肉祖细胞来源于肌卫星（干）细胞（MuSCs），它们位于肌纤维的表面但在基底膜的下方。MuSCs 在骨骼肌的出生后维持、生长、修复和再生中起着核心作用。在久坐的成年肌肉中，MuSCs 处于有丝分裂静止状态，但在肌肉损伤时会迅速被激活。生理和年龄相关的衰老导致 MuSC 衰老，从而导致再生能力受损。重要的是，在病理情况下，反复的肌肉损伤会由于干细胞衰老而导致 MuSCs 早期受损，并导致再生能力的早期受损。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了（1）MuSCs 在肌肉再生中的作用，（2）生理和病理条件下干细胞的衰老，以及（3）与控制 MuSCs 的临床应用相关的前景。
