应用修正后的计划行为理论模型研究青少年的工作安全知识、规范、态度以及实施工作场所安全与健康技能的意愿。
An application of a modified theory of planned behavior model to investigate adolescents' job safety knowledge, norms, attitude and intention to enact workplace safety and health skills.
机构信息
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1090 Tusculum Ave. MS C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
University of Kentucky, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 251C Dickey Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0017.
出版信息
J Safety Res. 2020 Feb;72:189-198. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.12.002. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
INTRODUCTION
For many reasons, including a lack of adequate safety training and education, U.S. adolescents experience a higher rate of job-related injury compared to adult workers. Widely used social-psychological theories in public health research and practice, such as the theory of planned behavior, may provide guidance for developing and evaluating school-based interventions to prepare adolescents for workplace hazards and risks.
METHOD
Using a structural equation modeling approach, the current study explores whether a modified theory of planned behavior model provides insight on 1,748 eighth graders' occupational safety and health (OSH) attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy and behavioral intention, before and after receiving instruction on a free, national young worker safety and health curriculum. Reliability estimates for the measures were produced and direct and indirect associations between knowledge and other model constructs assessed.
RESULTS
Overall, the findings align with the theory of planned behavior. The structural equation model adequately fit the data; most path coefficients are statistically significant and knowledge has indirect effects on behavioral intention. Confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention measures each reflect a unique dimension (reliability estimates ≥0.86), while the subjective norm measure did not perform adequately.
CONCLUSION
The findings presented provide support for using behavioral theory (specifically a modified theory of planned behavior) to investigate adolescents' knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intention to engage in safe and healthful activities at work, an understanding of which may contribute to reducing the downstream burden of injury on this vulnerable population-the future workforce. Practical application: Health behavior theories, commonly used in the social and behavioral sciences, have utility and provide guidance for developing and evaluating OSH interventions, including those aimed at preventing injuries and promoting the health and safety of adolescent workers in the U.S., who are injured at higher rates than are adults.
简介
由于缺乏足够的安全培训和教育，美国青少年在工作中受伤的比率高于成年工人。在公共卫生研究和实践中广泛使用的社会心理学理论，如计划行为理论，可以为制定和评估以学校为基础的干预措施提供指导，使青少年为工作场所的危害和风险做好准备。
方法
本研究采用结构方程建模方法，探讨了在接受免费的全国青少年工人安全与健康课程教育前后，经过修改的计划行为理论模型是否能深入了解 1748 名八年级学生的职业安全与健康（OSH）态度、主观规范、自我效能和行为意向。还对测量的可靠性进行了估计，并评估了知识与其他模型结构之间的直接和间接关联。
结果
总体而言，研究结果与计划行为理论一致。结构方程模型很好地拟合了数据；大多数路径系数具有统计学意义，知识对行为意向有间接影响。验证性因子分析表明，知识、态度、自我效能和行为意向的测量各自反映了一个独特的维度（可靠性估计值≥0.86），而主观规范的测量则表现不佳。
结论
提出的研究结果为使用行为理论（特别是经过修改的计划行为理论）来研究青少年对参与工作中安全和健康活动的知识、看法和行为意向提供了支持，对这一脆弱人群（未来的劳动力）减少受伤的下游负担可能有一定帮助。实际应用：健康行为理论在社会和行为科学中被广泛应用，对职业安全与健康干预措施的制定和评估具有实用性和指导意义，包括那些旨在预防伤害和促进美国青少年工人健康和安全的干预措施，他们受伤的比率高于成年人。
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