Principal Component Analysis of Simultaneous PET-MRI Reveals Patterns of Bone-Cartilage Interactions in Osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND

Bone-cartilage interactions have been implicated in causing osteoarthritis (OA).

PURPOSE

To use [ F]-NaF PET-MRI to 1) develop automatic image processing code in MatLab to create a model of bone-cartilage interactions and 2) find associations of bone-cartilage interactions with known manifestations of OA.

STUDY TYPE

Prospective study aimed to evaluate a data analysis method.

POPULATION

Twenty-nine patients with knee pain or joint stiffness.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3T MRI (GE), 3D CUBE FSE, 3D combined T ρ/T MAPSS, [18F]-sodium fluoride, SIGNA TOF (OSEM).

ASSESSMENT

Correlation between MRI (cartilage) and PET (bone) quantitative parameters, bone-cartilage interactions model described by modes of variation as derived by principal component analysis (PCA), WORMS scoring on cartilage lesions, bone marrow abnormalities, subchondral cysts.

STATISTICAL TESTS

Linear regression, Pearson correlation.

RESULTS

Mode 1 was a positive predictor of the bone abnormality score (P = 0.0003, P = 0.001, P = 0.0007) and the cartilage lesion score (P = 0.03, P = 0.01, P = 0.02) in the femur, tibia, and patella, respectively. For the cartilage lesion scores, mode 5 was the most important positive predictor in the femur (P = 3.9E-06), and mode 2 were predictors, significant negative predictor in the tibia (P = 0.007). In the patella, mode 1 was a significant positive predictor of the bone abnormality score (P = 0.0007).

DATA CONCLUSION

By successfully building an automatic code to create a bone-cartilage interface, we were able to observe dynamic relationships between biochemical changes in the cartilage accompanied with bone remodeling, extended to the whole knee joint instead of simple colocalized observations, shedding light on the interactions that occur between bone and cartilage in OA. Evidence Level: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1462-1474.