School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 25;15(3):e0230669. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230669. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study described the development of a parent food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for measuring diets of young children over the past month and the validation of this FFQ against three non-consecutive 24 hour recalls.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Food and nutrient intakes from a 68-item FFQ were compared with three non-consecutive 24 hour recalls in a follow-up cohort of children aged 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years old. Data from both methods were available for 231, 172 and 187 participants at ages 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years, respectively.
Out of 11 nutrients, four (protein, fat, fibre, iron), two (Vitamin C, folate) and three (protein, vitamin C and folate) nutrients showed good-acceptable outcome for 2 out of 3 group-level validation tests at ages 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years, respectively. Of 26 food groups, good-acceptable outcome for 2 out of 3 group-level validation tests was revealed for two, four and six food groups at ages 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years, respectively. For individual-level validation tests, all nutrients showed good-acceptable outcome for 2 out of 3 individual level tests across three time points, except for folate at age 1.5 years and energy intake at age 3.5 years. Most food groups (22 out of 26) at age 1.5 years and all food groups at both ages 3.5 and 5.0 years showed good-acceptable outcome for 2 out of 3 individual-level validation tests.
At all three time points, the FFQ demonstrated good-acceptable validity for some nutrients and food groups at group-level, and good-acceptable validity for most nutrients and food groups at individual-level. This quantitative FFQ is a valid and robust tool for assessing total diet of young children and ranking individuals according to nutrient and food intakes.
背景/目的：本研究描述了一种针对过去一个月幼儿饮食的父母食物频率问卷（FFQ）的开发，并将该 FFQ 与三次非连续 24 小时回忆进行了验证。
在一个年龄为 1.5 岁、3.5 岁和 5.0 岁的随访队列中，将包含 68 个项目的 FFQ 与三次非连续 24 小时回忆的食物和营养素摄入量进行比较。在 1.5 岁、3.5 岁和 5.0 岁时，分别有 231、172 和 187 名参与者同时提供了两种方法的数据。
在所研究的 11 种营养素中，有 4 种（蛋白质、脂肪、纤维、铁）、2 种（维生素 C、叶酸）和 3 种（蛋白质、维生素 C 和叶酸）营养素在 1.5 岁、3.5 岁和 5.0 岁时的 2 次 3 次组水平验证测试中表现出了良好-可接受的结果。在所研究的 26 种食物中，在 1.5 岁、3.5 岁和 5.0 岁时，有 2 个、4 个和 6 个食物组在 2 次 3 次组水平验证测试中表现出了良好-可接受的结果。在个体水平验证测试中，除了 1.5 岁时的叶酸和 3.5 岁时的能量摄入外，所有营养素在三个时间点的 2 次 3 次个体水平测试中均表现出了良好-可接受的结果。在 1.5 岁时，有 22 种食物组（26 种食物组中的 22 种）和在 3.5 岁和 5.0 岁时所有的食物组在 2 次 3 次个体水平验证测试中均表现出了良好-可接受的结果。
在所有三个时间点，FFQ 在组水平上对一些营养素和食物组表现出了良好-可接受的有效性，在个体水平上对大多数营养素和食物组表现出了良好-可接受的有效性。这种定量 FFQ 是一种有效的、可靠的工具，可用于评估幼儿的总体饮食，并根据营养素和食物摄入量对个体进行排名。
