Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 3;17(7):2452. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072452.
Unrecorded alcohol comprises all types of alcohol that is not registered in the jurisdiction where it is consumed. In some countries in Central and Eastern Europe as well as the Balkans, the majority of unrecorded alcohol consumption may derive from the home production of fruit spirits. Some studies found a high prevalence of lead and cadmium in such spirits. This article provides a quantitative comparative risk assessment using the margin of exposure (MOE) methodology for lead and cadmium, compared to ethanol, for unrecorded fruit spirits. For average concentration levels, the lowest MOE (0.8) was calculated for ethanol (alcohol itself). For lead, the MOE was 13 for moderate daily drinking and 0.9 for the worst-case scenario. For cadmium, the MOE was 1982 for moderate daily drinking and 113 for the worst-case scenario. The results of this study are consistent with previous comparative risk assessments stating that ethanol itself comprises by far the highest risk of all compounds in alcoholic beverages. Regarding metal contaminants, the risk of cadmium appears negligible; however, lead may pose an additional health risk in heavy drinking circumstances. Strategies to avoid metal contamination in the artisanal home production of spirits need to be developed.
未记录的酒精包括在其消费地司法管辖区内未注册的所有类型的酒精。在中欧和东欧以及巴尔干地区的一些国家，大部分未记录的酒精消费可能来自水果烈酒的家庭生产。一些研究发现，此类烈酒中铅和镉的含量很高。本文使用暴露边际（MOE）方法对未记录的水果烈酒中的铅和镉进行了定量比较风险评估，与乙醇进行了比较。对于平均浓度水平，计算出乙醇（酒精本身）的最低 MOE（0.8）。对于铅，中等日饮酒量的 MOE 为 13，最坏情况的 MOE 为 0.9。对于镉，中等日饮酒量的 MOE 为 1982，最坏情况的 MOE 为 113。本研究结果与先前的比较风险评估一致，即乙醇本身构成了酒精饮料中所有化合物的风险最高。关于金属污染物，镉的风险似乎可以忽略不计；然而，在大量饮酒的情况下，铅可能会带来额外的健康风险。需要制定策略来避免烈酒的家庭生产过程中的金属污染。
