Tolera Moti, Marami Dadi, Abate Degu, Dheresa Merga
School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, PO Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, PO Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
Adv Prev Med. 2020 Mar 31;2020:6875463. doi: 10.1155/2020/6875463. eCollection 2020.
Healthcare-associated infection is a major public health problem, in terms of mortality, morbidity, and costs. Majorities of the cause of these infections were preventable. Understanding the potential risk factors is important to reduce the impact of these avoidable infections. The study was aimed to identify factors associated with healthcare-associated infections among patients admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 433 patients over a period of five months at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from a patient admitted for 48 hours and above in the four wards (surgical, medical, obstetrics/gynecology, and pediatrics) using a structured questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to identify predictors of healthcare-associated infections. A value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Fifty-four (13.7%) patients had a history of a previous admission. The median length of hospital stay was 6.1 days. Forty-six (11.7%) participants reported comorbid conditions. Ninety-six (24.4%) participants underwent surgical procedures. The overall prevalence of healthcare-associated infection was 29 (7.4%, 95% CI: 5.2-10.6). Cigarette smoking (AOR: 5.18, 95% CI: 2.15-20.47), staying in the hospital for more than 4 days (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 2.31-6.15), and undergoing invasive procedures (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.11-7.52) increase the odds of acquiring healthcare-associated infections.
The cumulative prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in this study was comparable with similar studies conducted in developing countries. Cigarette smoking, staying in the hospital for more than 4 days, and undergoing invasive procedures increase the odds of healthcare-associated infections. These factors should be considered in the infection prevention and control program of the hospital.
医疗保健相关感染在死亡率、发病率和成本方面是一个重大的公共卫生问题。这些感染的主要病因大多是可预防的。了解潜在风险因素对于减少这些可避免感染的影响至关重要。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚东部哈勒尔市希沃特·法纳专科医院收治患者中与医疗保健相关感染相关的因素。
在希沃特·法纳专科医院对433名患者进行了为期五个月的横断面研究。使用结构化问卷从四个病房（外科、内科、妇产科和儿科）中住院48小时及以上的患者那里获取社会人口统计学和临床数据。应用多因素逻辑回归模型来确定医疗保健相关感染的预测因素。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
54名（13.7%）患者有既往住院史。住院时间中位数为6.1天。46名（11.7%）参与者报告有合并症。96名（24.4%）参与者接受了外科手术。医疗保健相关感染的总体患病率为29例（7.4%，95%置信区间：5.2 - 10.6）。吸烟（比值比：5.18，95%置信区间：2.15 - 20.47）、住院超过4天（比值比：4.29，95%置信区间：2.31 - 6.15）以及接受侵入性操作（比值比：3.58，95%置信区间：1.11 - 7.52）会增加获得医疗保健相关感染的几率。
本研究中医疗保健相关感染的累积患病率与在发展中国家进行的类似研究相当。吸烟、住院超过4天以及接受侵入性操作会增加医疗保健相关感染的几率。在医院的感染预防和控制计划中应考虑这些因素。
