巴西固体废物处理工人的职业危害：一项系统的文献综述。
Occupational hazards of Brazilian solid waste workers: a systematic literature review.
作者信息
Pereira-de-Paiva Miguel Henrique, ConceiçãoCalassa-Albuquerque Mariada, Latham Emily Elizabeth, Furtado-Bezerra Cleanto, da-Silva-Sousa Anderson, Cunha-E-Silva-de-Araújo Liege, Dos-Reis Mayara Rafaela, Ferreira-Luz Rogério
机构信息
Nursing Department, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (FACID) - Teresina (PI), Brazil.
Nursing Department, Walsh University - North Canton (OH), United States.
出版信息
Rev Bras Med Trab. 2017 Dec 1;15(4):364-371. doi: 10.5327/Z1679443520170056. eCollection 2017.
BACKGROUND
In Brazil, urban cleaning professionals play an important role within a context characterized by annual increase of the garbage production. However, the job exposes such workers to various occupational hazards, an issue little discussed in the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To identify occupational hazards to which Brazilian solid workers are exposed, as well as factors associated with their minimization.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed in databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and PubMed. Gray literature was also searched through Google Scholar and included studies published along a ten-year period (2006-2016) in Portuguese, English, and Spanish.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were located; the results showed that waste workers were exposed to biological, accidental, chemical, ergonomic, physical, and psychosocial risks. The risks declined with adherence to use of personal protective equipment and guidance for workers, employers, and population.
CONCLUSIONS
Given the few studies in this field, more evidence-based research is necessary to serve as grounds for the development and implementation of public health policies aiming at reducing occupational risks among the studied population.
背景
在巴西，城市清洁专业人员在垃圾产量逐年增加的背景下发挥着重要作用。然而，这项工作使这些工人面临各种职业危害，而这一问题在文献中很少被讨论。
目的
确定巴西固体废弃物处理工人所面临的职业危害，以及与将这些危害降至最低相关的因素。
方法
在科学电子图书馆在线数据库（SciELO）、拉丁美洲和加勒比卫生科学文献数据库（LILACS）以及医学期刊数据库（PubMed）中对文献进行系统综述。还通过谷歌学术搜索灰色文献，并纳入了2006年至2016年期间以葡萄牙语、英语和西班牙语发表的研究。
结果
共找到12项研究；结果表明，垃圾处理工人面临生物、意外、化学、人体工程学、物理和社会心理风险。通过坚持使用个人防护设备以及对工人、雇主和公众进行指导，这些风险有所降低。
结论
鉴于该领域的研究较少，需要开展更多基于证据的研究，为制定和实施旨在降低研究人群职业风险的公共卫生政策提供依据。
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