Effects of HO on growth, metabolic activity and membrane integrity in three strains of Microcystis aeruginosa.

The application of hydrogen peroxide (HO) as a management tool to control Microcystis blooms has become increasingly popular due to its short lifetime and targeted action. HO increases intracellular reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative stress and subsequently cell death. HO is naturally produced in freshwater bodies as a result of photocatalytic reactions between dissolved organic carbon and sunlight. Previously, some studies have suggested that this environmental source of HO selectively targets for toxigenic cyanobacteria strains in the genus Microcystis. Also, past studies only focused on the morphological and biochemical changes of HO-induced cell death in Microcystis with little information available on the effects of different HO concentrations on growth, esterase activity and membrane integrity. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of non-lethal (40-4000 nM) concentrations on percentage cell death; with a focus on sub-lethal (50 μM) and lethal (275 μM; 500 μM) doses of HO on growth, cells showing esterase activity and membrane integrity. The non-lethal dose experiment was part of a preliminary study. Results showed a dose- and time-dependent relationship in all three Microcystis strains post HO treatment. HO resulted in a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased chlorophyll a content, decreased growth rate and esterase activity. Interestingly, at sub-lethal (50 μM HO treatment), percentage of dead cells in microcystin-producing strains was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in non-microcystin-producing strains at 72 h. These findings further cement our understanding of the influence of HO on different strains of Microcystis and its impact on membrane integrity and metabolic physiology: important to future toxic bloom control programmes.