日本优秀田径运动员使用营养补充剂的情况。
Use of nutritional supplements by elite Japanese track and field athletes.
机构信息
Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
Medical Committee, Japan Association of Athletics Federations (JAAF), Kasumigaokamachi 4-2 Japan Sport Olympic Square 9th floor, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
出版信息
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020 Jul 22;17(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00370-9.
BACKGROUND
While scientific evidence supports the efficacy of only limited nutritional supplements (NS) on sports performance, the use of NS is widespread in athletes. Given the serious issues of health damage or unintended Anti-Doping Rule Violations due to ingestion of contaminated NS in sports, accurately understanding NS practices by athletes is crucial. This study therefore elucidated the use of NS by elite Japanese track and field (TF) athletes.
METHODS
The subjects were 574 Japanese TF athletes, including 275 junior athletes (under 20 years) and 299 senior athletes, who participated in international competitions from 2013 to 2018. Data on NS use were collected through pre-participation medical forms obtained from all entrants before their participation in competitions. NS users were requested to report the product names and primary components of all NS they were taking.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of NS use was 63.9%. The mean number of NS products used per athlete was 1.4. The prevalence was significantly higher in women (69.2%) than in men (59.6%) (p = 0.018) and significantly higher in senior athletes (68.9%) than in junior athletes (58.9%) (p = 0.012). The prevalence of NS use was higher in long-distance runners (75.8%) and lower in jumpers (52.3%) and throwers (49.2%) than other disciplines (p < 0.001). The most prevalent components were amino acids (49.3%), followed by vitamins (48.3%), minerals (22.8%), and protein (17.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Approximately two-thirds of elite Japanese TF athletes reported the use of NS, and NS practices varied by gender, age, and discipline.
背景
虽然科学证据仅支持有限的营养补充剂（NS）对运动表现的功效，但运动员广泛使用 NS。考虑到由于摄入受污染的 NS 而导致的健康损害或意外违反反兴奋剂规则的严重问题，准确了解运动员使用 NS 的情况至关重要。因此，本研究阐明了日本优秀田径运动员（TF）使用 NS 的情况。
方法
研究对象为 574 名日本 TF 运动员，其中包括 275 名青少年运动员（20 岁以下）和 299 名成年运动员，他们参加了 2013 年至 2018 年的国际比赛。通过从所有参赛运动员在参加比赛前填写的参赛前体检表中收集 NS 使用数据。要求 NS 用户报告他们正在服用的所有 NS 的产品名称和主要成分。
结果
NS 使用的总体流行率为 63.9%。每名运动员使用的 NS 产品平均数量为 1.4 个。女性（69.2%）的流行率明显高于男性（59.6%）（p=0.018），成年运动员（68.9%）的流行率明显高于青少年运动员（58.9%）（p=0.012）。长跑运动员（75.8%）的 NS 使用流行率较高，而跳跃运动员（52.3%）和投掷运动员（49.2%）的流行率较低，其他项目（p<0.001）。最常见的成分是氨基酸（49.3%），其次是维生素（48.3%）、矿物质（22.8%）和蛋白质（17.8%）。
结论
大约三分之二的日本优秀 TF 运动员报告使用 NS，NS 的使用情况因性别、年龄和运动项目而异。
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