Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2020 Sep 1;319(3):H613-H631. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00220.2020. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming increasingly clear that VSMCs can alter their metabolism to fulfill the bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. During vascular injury, VSMCs switch from a quiescent "contractile" phenotype to a highly migratory and proliferative "synthetic" phenotype. Recent studies have found that the phenotype switching of VSMCs is driven by a metabolic switch. Metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, have distinct, indispensable roles in normal and dysfunctional vasculature. VSMCs metabolism is also related to the metabolism of endothelial cells. In the present review, we present a brief overview of VSMCs metabolism and how it regulates the progression of several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, vascular calcification, and aneurysms, and the effect of the risk factors for vascular disease (aging, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol drinking) on VSMC metabolism to clarify the role of VSMCs metabolism in the key pathological process.
血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）是动脉中层的基本组成部分，对于动脉生理学和病理学至关重要。越来越明显的是，VSMCs 可以改变其代谢以满足生物能量和生物合成的需求。在血管损伤时，VSMCs 从静止的“收缩”表型转变为高度迁移和增殖的“合成”表型。最近的研究发现，VSMCs 的表型转换是由代谢转换驱动的。代谢途径，包括有氧糖酵解、脂肪酸氧化和氨基酸代谢，在正常和功能失调的血管中具有独特的、不可或缺的作用。VSMCs 的代谢也与内皮细胞的代谢有关。在本综述中，我们简要概述了 VSMCs 的代谢，以及它如何调节几种血管疾病的进展，包括动脉粥样硬化、系统性高血压、糖尿病、肺动脉高压、血管钙化和动脉瘤，以及血管疾病的风险因素（衰老、吸烟和过度饮酒）对 VSMC 代谢的影响，以阐明 VSMCs 代谢在关键病理过程中的作用。
