Multifunctional titanium dioxide nanoparticles biofabricated via phytosynthetic route using extracts of : antimicrobial, dye degradation, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities.

First study of phytosynthesis of TiO NPs using the leaf (KL), pod (KP), seed (KS) and seed shell (KSS) extracts of kola nut tree () is herein reported. The TiO NPs were characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial, dye degradation, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. The nearly spherical-shaped particles had λmax of 272.5-275.0 nm with size range of 25.00-191.41 nm. FTIR analysis displayed prominent peaks at 3446.79, 1639.49 and 1382.96 cm, indicating the involvement of phenolic compounds and proteins in the phytosynthesis of TiO NPs. Both SAED and XRD showed bioformation of crystalline anatase TiO NPs which inhibited multidrug-drug resistant bacteria and toxigenic fungi. The catalytic activities of the particles were profound, with degradation of malachite green by 83.48-86.28 % without exposure to UV-irradiation, scavenging of DPPH and HOby 51.19-60.08 %, and 78.45-99.23 % respectively. The particles as well prevented the coagulation of human blood. In addition to the antimicrobial and dye-degrading activities, we report for the first time the HO scavenging and anticoagulant activities of TiO NPs, showing that the particles can be useful for catalytic and biomedical applications.