Pasternak Gerard, Lewandowicz-Uszyńska Aleksandra, Królak-Olejnik Barbara
3rd Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland; Department of Immunology and Paediatrics, J. Gromkowski Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland.
Department and Clinic of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2020 Aug 22;49(286):260-266.
Respiratory diseases are among the most common disorders found in the clinical practice of every pediatrician. It is estimated that a total of 10-15% of children experience recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI). Unfortunately, there is no universal consensus on the definition of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. In addition, the number of episodes taken into account to define the recurrent nature of infections varies depending on the disease (location of the ongoing infection) and its severity. The most commonly accepted definition is the occurrence of eight or more documented respiratory tract infections per year in preschool children (up to three years old) and six or more in children older than three years, in the absence of any pathological condition underlying recurrent infections. It is very important to select in the group of children suffering from RRTI those who may have primary immunodeficiency. The detailed medical history plays an important role. In cases of positive medical history for immunodeficiency, it is mandatory to conduct a detailed examination of the immune system.
呼吸系统疾病是每位儿科医生临床实践中最常见的疾病之一。据估计,总计10%至15%的儿童患有反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)。不幸的是,对于儿童反复呼吸道感染的定义尚无普遍共识。此外,用于定义感染反复性的发作次数因疾病(正在发生感染的部位)及其严重程度而异。最普遍接受的定义是,在没有反复感染潜在病理状况的情况下,学龄前儿童(三岁及以下)每年发生八次或更多有记录的呼吸道感染,三岁以上儿童每年发生六次或更多。在患有RRTI的儿童群体中筛选出可能患有原发性免疫缺陷的儿童非常重要。详细的病史起着重要作用。如果病史中有免疫缺陷阳性情况,则必须对免疫系统进行详细检查。