印度尼西亚营养专业学生的 HIV 知识和污名：对营养教育系统的启示。
HIV knowledge and stigma among dietetic students in Indonesia: implications for the nutrition education system.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
出版信息
BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 9;20(1):663. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05379-8.
BACKGROUND
Studies have demonstrated that health care students and practitioners are not immune to stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). This attitude could lead to poor quality of care if it remains uncorrected. However, little is known about dietetic students' acceptance of PLHIV despite their substantial role in treatment. This study aimed to measure the extent of knowledge and stigma towards PLHIV among dietetic students and to determine the associated factors using the attribution theory.
METHODS
Students from three dietetics schools in Indonesia (n = 516) were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Survey questions covered demographic information, interaction with PLHIV, access to information sources, cultural values, and beliefs as predictor variables. The outcome variables were comprehensive knowledge of HIV, HIV and nutrition-specific knowledge, and attitudes. Analyses with linear regression and the stepwise selection were performed to determine factors related to the outcome.
RESULTS
The levels of HIV comprehensive knowledge and HIV-nutrition specific knowledge among dietetic students were low, as indicated by the average score of 19.9 ± 0.19 (maximum score = 35) and 8.0 ± 0.11 (maximum score = 15), respectively. The level of negative attitudes towards PLHIV was high, with 99.6% of participants reported having a high stigma score. Types of university affiliation (public or private), beliefs and values, exposure to HIV discourse, access to printed media, and years of study were significantly related to HIV comprehensive knowledge (p < 0.05). Nutrition-specific knowledge was also correlated with university affiliation, beliefs and values, participation in HIV discussion, and years of study (p < 0.05). HIV comprehensive knowledge, university affiliation, discussion participation, and ethnicities were associated with attitudes (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Awareness and acceptance of PLHIV must be further improved throughout dietetic training to ensure patients' quality of care since students represent future dietary care providers. Considering the consistent findings that affiliation to education institution correlates with HIV knowledge and attitude, some examinations concerning the curriculum and teaching conduct might be necessary.
背景
研究表明，医疗保健学生和从业者并非对艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）没有偏见。如果这种态度得不到纠正，可能会导致护理质量下降。然而，尽管饮食学生在治疗中起着重要作用，但人们对他们对 PLHIV 的接受程度知之甚少。本研究旨在衡量饮食学生对 PLHIV 的知识和偏见程度，并利用归因理论确定相关因素。
方法
从印度尼西亚的三所饮食学校招募学生（n=516）参加这项横断面研究。调查问卷涵盖了人口统计学信息、与 PLHIV 的互动、获取信息来源、文化价值观和信仰等预测变量。结果变量是 HIV 综合知识、HIV 和营养特定知识以及态度。采用线性回归和逐步选择分析来确定与结果相关的因素。
结果
饮食学生的 HIV 综合知识和 HIV-营养特定知识水平较低，平均得分为 19.9±0.19（最高分=35）和 8.0±0.11（最高分=15）。对 PLHIV 的负面态度程度很高，99.6%的参与者报告具有高耻辱感得分。大学隶属类型（公立或私立）、信仰和价值观、接触 HIV 论述、获取印刷媒体以及学习年限与 HIV 综合知识显著相关（p<0.05）。营养特定知识也与大学隶属类型、信仰和价值观、参与 HIV 讨论以及学习年限相关（p<0.05）。HIV 综合知识、大学隶属类型、讨论参与度和种族与态度相关（p<0.05）。
结论
必须在整个饮食培训过程中进一步提高对 PLHIV 的认识和接受程度，以确保患者的护理质量，因为学生是未来的饮食护理提供者。考虑到与教育机构的隶属关系与 HIV 知识和态度相关的一致发现，可能需要对课程和教学行为进行一些检查。
Zotero 插件