Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2021 Jan 1;300:113643. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113643. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
While insulin demonstrates to have a considerable influence on the reproductive system, there are various unanswered questions regarding its precise sites, mechanisms of action, and roles for the developing and functioning of the adult male reproductive system. Apart from its effects on glucose level, insulin has an important role in the reproductive system directly by binding on insulin and IGF receptors in the brain and testis. To date, however, the effect of insulin or its alterations on blood-testis-barrier, as an important regulator of normal spermatogenesis and fertility, has not yet been studied. This review aimed to focus on the experimental and clinical studies to describe mechanisms by which insulin affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, testicular cells, spermatozoa, and sexual behavior. Moreover, we discussed the mechanism and impact of insulin changes in type 1 (insulin deficiency along with persisted or even increased sensitivity) and 2 (insulin resistance along with increased insulin level at the early stages of disease) diabetes and obesity on the male reproductive tract.
虽然胰岛素对生殖系统有很大的影响，但关于它在发育和成年男性生殖系统功能中的确切作用部位、作用机制和作用仍存在许多未解之谜。除了对血糖水平的影响外，胰岛素还通过在大脑和睾丸中结合胰岛素和 IGF 受体，直接在生殖系统中发挥重要作用。然而，到目前为止，胰岛素或其改变对血睾屏障（正常精子发生和生育力的重要调节因子）的影响尚未得到研究。本综述旨在重点介绍描述胰岛素影响下丘脑-垂体-性腺 (HPG) 轴、睾丸细胞、精子和性行为的机制的实验和临床研究。此外，我们还讨论了 1 型（胰岛素缺乏伴持续甚至增加的敏感性）和 2 型（胰岛素抵抗伴疾病早期胰岛素水平升高）糖尿病以及肥胖症对男性生殖系统的影响机制和影响。
