Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2021 Mar;12(2):e1622. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1622. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
Termini often determine the fate of RNA molecules. In recent years, 3' ends of almost all classes of RNA species have been shown to acquire nontemplated nucleotides that are added by terminal nucleotidyltransferases (TENTs). The best-described role of 3' tailing is the bulk polyadenylation of messenger RNAs in the cell nucleus that is catalyzed by canonical poly(A) polymerases (PAPs). However, many other enzymes that add adenosines, uridines, or even more complex combinations of nucleotides have recently been described. This review focuses on metazoan TENTs, which are either noncanonical PAPs or terminal uridylyltransferases with varying processivity. These enzymes regulate RNA stability and RNA functions and are crucial in early development, gamete production, and somatic tissues. TENTs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, participate in the maturation of many transcripts, and protect cells against viral invasion and the transposition of repetitive sequences. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability.
术语通常决定 RNA 分子的命运。近年来，几乎所有 RNA 种类的 3' 端都被证明能够获得非模板核苷酸，这些核苷酸是由末端核苷酸转移酶（TENTs）添加的。3' 加尾的最典型作用是在细胞核中由典型的多聚腺苷酸化聚合酶（PAPs）对信使 RNA 进行大量聚腺苷酸化。然而，最近还描述了许多其他添加腺苷、尿苷或甚至更复杂核苷酸组合的酶。这篇综述集中于后生动物 TENTs，它们是非典型的 PAPs 或具有不同延伸性的末端尿苷酰转移酶。这些酶调节 RNA 稳定性和 RNA 功能，在早期发育、配子产生和体细胞组织中至关重要。TENTs 在转录后水平调节基因表达，参与许多转录本的成熟，并保护细胞免受病毒入侵和重复序列的转位。本文归入以下类别：RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > 蛋白质-RNA 识别 RNA 加工 > 3' 端加工 RNA 周转和监测 > RNA 稳定性的调节。
