基于计划行为理论，探究埃塞俄比亚吉姆马地区贡马区女性进行宫颈癌筛查的行为意向及其预测因素。
Determining behavioral intention and its predictors towards cervical cancer screening among women in Gomma district, Jimma, Ethiopia: Application of the theory of planned behavior.
机构信息
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 5;15(11):e0238472. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238472. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
Cervical Cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Ethiopian women. Despite many interventions were conducted, there is low uptake of cervical cancer screening services. Also, limited evidence was available on the women's intention and its predictors towards cervical cancer screening. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the intention and predicators of behavioral intention toward cervical cancer screening.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gomma district, Jimma, Ethiopia from August 1-30, 2019. The total sample sizes were 422 and a systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the samples. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire guide. Data were entered in epidata, and exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Descriptive, correlation, and multicollinearity analysis were done. Also, simple and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to identify the predictors for behavioral intention. The p-value<0.05 was used to declare a significant association.
RESULT
The response rate was 382 (90.5%). The mean age of the participants was of 26.45 (SD = 4.76). Direct attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control had a mean score of 16.78 (SD = 2.87), 15.61(SD = 1.92), and 12.86 (SD = 4.85), respectively. The intention has a mean score of 14.52 (SD = 4.01). From regression analysis, direct attitude (B = 0.346, p<0.001), direct subjective norm (B = 0.288, p = 0.008), direct perceived behavioral control (B = 0.132, p = 0.002) indirect attitude (B = 0.015, p = 0.019) and the indirect perceived behavioral control (B = 0.132, p = 0.002) were statistically significant with intention.
CONCLUSION
From this study, it was understood that women's intention towards cervical cancer screening was low. The predictors were the direct and indirect attitude, direct and indirect subjective norm, direct and indirect perceived behavioral control. This calls a need to develop strategies and take action to improve the attitude of women and their influential peoples and increase sense of control to improve their intention to screen for cervical cancer. Moreover, health care providers should have to conduct social and behavioral change communication to improve women's health seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening applying the concept of theory of planned behavior.
背景
宫颈癌是埃塞俄比亚妇女癌症相关死亡的主要原因。尽管已经采取了许多干预措施，但宫颈癌筛查服务的利用率仍然很低。此外，关于妇女对宫颈癌筛查的意愿及其预测因素的证据有限。因此，本研究旨在确定妇女对宫颈癌筛查的意愿及其预测因素。
方法
2019 年 8 月 1 日至 30 日，在埃塞俄比亚吉马的 Gomma 区进行了一项横断面研究。总样本量为 422 人，并采用系统随机抽样技术抽取样本。通过使用结构化问卷指南进行访谈收集数据。数据输入 epidata，使用 SPSS 版本 20.0 软件导出和分析。进行了描述性、相关性和多重共线性分析。还进行了简单和多元线性回归分析，以确定行为意向的预测因素。p 值<0.05 被用来表示显著关联。
结果
应答率为 382（90.5%）。参与者的平均年龄为 26.45（SD=4.76）。直接态度、主观规范和感知行为控制的平均得分为 16.78（SD=2.87）、15.61（SD=1.92）和 12.86（SD=4.85）。意图的平均得分为 14.52（SD=4.01）。从回归分析中可以看出，直接态度（B=0.346，p<0.001）、直接主观规范（B=0.288，p=0.008）、直接感知行为控制（B=0.132，p=0.002）、间接态度（B=0.015，p=0.019）和间接感知行为控制（B=0.132，p=0.002）与意图呈统计学显著相关。
结论
从这项研究中可以看出，妇女对宫颈癌筛查的意愿较低。预测因素是直接和间接态度、直接和间接主观规范、直接和间接感知行为控制。这就需要制定策略并采取行动，以改善妇女及其有影响力的人的态度，增强控制感，提高她们对宫颈癌筛查的意愿。此外，医疗保健提供者应该进行社会和行为改变沟通，以改善妇女对宫颈癌筛查的健康寻求行为，应用计划行为理论的概念。
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