“我认为吸烟本质相同，但烟具变了。”了解空军人员使用电子烟的促进因素。
'I Think Smoking's the Same, but the Toys Have Changed.' Understanding Facilitators of E-Cigarette Use among Air Force Personnel.
作者信息
Little M A, Pebley K, Porter K, Talcott G W, Krukowski R A
机构信息
University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
University of Memphis, Department of Psychology, 400 Innovation Drive, Memphis, TN, USA, 38152.
出版信息
J Addict Prev. 2020 Aug;8(1).
BACKGROUND
The military has stringent anti-tobacco regulations for new recruits. While most tobacco products have declined in recent years, e-cigarette use has tripled among this population. However, little is known about the factors facilitating this inverse relationship.
OBJECTIVES
Examine the facilitators of e-cigarette use during a high risk period following initial enlistment among young adults.
METHODS
Focus groups were conducted with Airmen, Military Training Leaders (MTLs) and Technical Training Instructors (TTIs) to qualitatively explore unique characteristics of e-cigarettes leading to use in Technical Training.
RESULTS
The most commonly used tobacco product across participants was cigarettes (42.7%), followed by e-cigarettes (28.0%) and smokeless tobacco (22.6%). Almost a third (28.7%) of participants reported using more than one tobacco product. E-cigarette use was much more common among Airmen (76.1%), compared to MTLs (10.9%) and TTIs (13.0%).Four main facilitators around e-cigarette use were identified including: 1) There is no reason not to use e-cigarettes; 2) Using e-cigarettes helps with emotion management; 3) Vaping is a way of fitting in; and 4) Existing tobacco control policies don't work for vaping. E-cigarettes were not perceived as harmful to self and others, which could explain why Airmen were much less likely to adhere to existing tobacco control regulations. Subversion was viewed as the healthy option compared to utilizing designated tobacco use areas due to the potential exposure to traditional tobacco smoke. This coupled with a lack of understanding about e-cigarette regulations and difficulties with enforcement, promoted use among this young adult population.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that e-cigarettes are used for similar reasons as traditional tobacco products, but their unique ability to be concealed promotes their widespread use and circumvents existing tobacco control policies. In order to see reductions in use, environmental policies may need to be paired with behavioral interventions at the personal and interpersonal level.
背景
军方对新兵有严格的反烟草规定。近年来，虽然大多数烟草产品的使用量有所下降，但该群体中电子烟的使用量却增长了两倍。然而，对于促成这种反比关系的因素却知之甚少。
目的
研究年轻人入伍初期这一高风险时期使用电子烟的促进因素。
方法
对空军士兵、军事训练负责人（MTL）和技术训练指导员（TTI）进行焦点小组访谈，以定性探索导致在技术训练中使用电子烟的独特特征。
结果
参与者中最常用的烟草产品是香烟（42.7%），其次是电子烟（28.0%）和无烟烟草（22.6%）。近三分之一（28.7%）的参与者报告使用过不止一种烟草产品。与军事训练负责人（10.9%）和技术训练指导员（13.0%）相比，空军士兵中电子烟的使用更为普遍（76.1%）。确定了围绕电子烟使用的四个主要促进因素，包括：1）没有理由不使用电子烟；2）使用电子烟有助于情绪管理；3）吸电子烟是一种融入方式；4）现有的烟草控制政策对吸电子烟不起作用。电子烟未被视为对自己和他人有害，这可以解释为什么空军士兵遵守现有烟草控制规定的可能性要小得多。与使用指定的烟草使用区域相比，由于可能接触传统烟草烟雾，吸电子烟被视为更健康的选择。这再加上对电子烟规定缺乏了解以及执法困难，促使这一年轻人群体使用电子烟。
结论
研究结果表明，使用电子烟的原因与传统烟草产品类似，但其独特的可隐藏性促进了其广泛使用，并规避了现有的烟草控制政策。为了减少电子烟的使用，环境政策可能需要与个人和人际层面的行为干预相结合。
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