核桃摄入、血浆代谢组学与 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病风险

Walnut Consumption, Plasma Metabolomics, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.

机构信息

Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2021 Feb 1;151(2):303-311. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa374.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxaa374

PMID:33382410

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7850062/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Walnut consumption is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unknown whether plasma metabolites related to walnut consumption are also associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

OBJECTIVES

The study aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with walnut consumption and evaluate the prospective associations between the identified profile and risk of T2D and CVD.

METHODS

The discovery population included 1833 participants at high cardiovascular risk from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study with available metabolomics data at baseline. The study population included 57% women (baseline mean BMI (in kg/m2): 29.9; mean age: 67 y). A total of 1522 participants also had available metabolomics data at year 1 and were used as the internal validation population. Plasma metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS. Cross-sectional associations between 385 known metabolites and walnut consumption were assessed using elastic net continuous regression analysis. A 10-cross-validation (CV) procedure was used, and Pearson correlation coefficients were assessed between metabolite weighted models and self-reported walnut consumption in each pair of training-validation data sets within the discovery population. We further estimated the prospective associations between the identified metabolite profile and incident T2D and CVD using multivariable Cox regression models.

RESULTS

A total of 19 metabolites were significantly associated with walnut consumption, including lipids, purines, acylcarnitines, and amino acids. Ten-CV Pearson correlation coefficients between self-reported walnut consumption and the plasma metabolite profile were 0.16 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.20) in the discovery population and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.20) in the validation population. The metabolite profile was inversely associated with T2D incidence (HR per 1 SD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.97; P = 0.02). For CVD incidence, the HR per 1-SD was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.85; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

A metabolite profile including 19 metabolites was associated with walnut consumption and with a lower risk of incident T2D and CVD in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.

摘要

背景

核桃的摄入与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）和心血管疾病（CVD）的风险降低有关。然而，目前尚不清楚与核桃摄入相关的血浆代谢物是否也与更低的心血管代谢疾病风险相关。

目的

本研究旨在确定与核桃摄入相关的血浆代谢物，并评估所鉴定的特征与 T2D 和 CVD 风险之间的前瞻性关联。

方法

发现人群包括来自 PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea（PREDIMED）研究的 1833 名心血管高危患者，他们在基线时具有可用的代谢组学数据。研究人群中 57%为女性（基线时 BMI 均值（kg/m2）：29.9；平均年龄：67 岁）。共有 1522 名参与者在第 1 年也有可用的代谢组学数据，他们被用作内部验证人群。使用 LC-MS 进行血浆代谢组学分析。使用弹性网络连续回归分析评估 385 种已知代谢物与核桃摄入之间的横断面关联。使用 10 次交叉验证（CV）程序，在发现人群的每个训练-验证数据集内，评估代谢物加权模型与自我报告的核桃摄入量之间的皮尔逊相关系数。我们还使用多变量 Cox 回归模型进一步估计所鉴定的代谢物特征与 T2D 和 CVD 事件的前瞻性关联。

结果

共有 19 种代谢物与核桃摄入显著相关，包括脂质、嘌呤、酰基辅酶 A 和氨基酸。在发现人群中，自我报告的核桃摄入量与血浆代谢物特征之间的 10-CV 皮尔逊相关系数为 0.16（95%CI：0.11，0.20），在验证人群中为 0.15（95%CI：0.10，0.20）。该代谢物特征与 T2D 发生率呈负相关（每增加 1 个 SD 的 HR：0.83；95%CI：0.71，0.97；P=0.02）。对于 CVD 发生率，每增加 1 个 SD 的 HR 为 0.71（95%CI：0.60，0.85；P<0.001）。