Al Kibria Gulam Muhammed, Burrowes Vanessa, Choudhury Allysha, Sharmeen Atia, Swasey Krystal
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Int J Cardiol Hypertens. 2019 Apr 30;1:100006. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2019.100006. eCollection 2019 May.
Globally, complications of raised blood pressure are fundamental public health issues. There has been limited research if prevalence and risk factors vary by sex in many countries, including Bangladesh. We stratified the prevalence and associated factors of prehypertension and hypertension according to sex in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study analyzed the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 data. After estimating prevalence according to sex, multilevel logistic regression was applied to obtain associated factors. This study analyzed data of 3876 males and 3962 females aged ≥35 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 19.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.0-21.0) among males and 31.9% (95% CI: 30.1-33.6) among females. Among both males and females, prevalence and odds of hypertension increased with age, overweight/obesity, diabetes, upper wealth status, and residence in some divisions. Education level was a significant positive correlate of hypertension for males only. Males and females had similar prevalence of prehypertension, 27.2% (95% CI: 25.6-28.8) and 27.6% (95% CI: 26.0-29.2), respectively. Characteristics such as older age, overweight/obesity, and diabetes were associated with higher prevalence and odds of prehypertension among females; prehypertension among males was associated with advancing age, overweight/obesity, education level, wealth status, and division of residence. In Bangladesh, almost half of the males and females could have increased risks of complications resulting from hypertension and prehypertension. Addressing the characteristics associated with higher prevalence or odds of these conditions is crucial. Several common risk factors indicate that a common prevention and control strategy could work for both sexes.
在全球范围内，血压升高引发的并发症是基本的公共卫生问题。在包括孟加拉国在内的许多国家，关于高血压患病率及风险因素是否因性别而异的研究有限。我们根据性别对孟加拉国高血压前期和高血压的患病率及相关因素进行了分层分析。这项横断面研究分析了2011年孟加拉国人口与健康调查的数据。在按性别估算患病率后，应用多水平逻辑回归分析来获取相关因素。本研究分析了年龄≥35岁的3876名男性和3962名女性的数据。男性高血压患病率为19.4%（95%置信区间[CI]：18.0 - 21.0），女性为31.9%（95%CI：30.1 - 33.6）。在男性和女性中，高血压的患病率和患病几率均随年龄、超重/肥胖、糖尿病、较高的财富状况以及居住在某些行政区而增加。仅对于男性而言，教育水平与高血压呈显著正相关。男性和女性的高血压前期患病率相似，分别为27.2%（95%CI：25.6 - 28.8）和27.6%（95%CI：26.0 - 29.2）。年龄较大、超重/肥胖和糖尿病等特征与女性高血压前期的较高患病率和患病几率相关；男性高血压前期与年龄增长、超重/肥胖、教育水平、财富状况以及居住行政区有关。在孟加拉国，几乎一半的男性和女性可能因高血压和高血压前期而增加并发症风险。应对与这些疾病较高患病率或患病几率相关的特征至关重要。一些常见的风险因素表明，通用的预防和控制策略可能对两性均有效。
