医学教育领域亦是如此：医学教育背景下的性骚扰——本科生的见解。
Medical education too: sexual harassment within the educational context of medicine - insights of undergraduates.
作者信息
Schoenefeld Eva, Marschall Bernhard, Paul Berit, Ahrens Helmut, Sensmeier Janina, Coles Jan, Pfleiderer Bettina
机构信息
Institute of Medical Education and Students' Affairs, Medical Faculty, Westfalian Wilhelm University of Münster, Malmedyweg 17-19, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Münster medical students, Westfalian Wilhelm University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2021 Feb 1;21(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02497-y.
BACKGROUND
Assessment of the presence and characteristics of sexual harassment in academic medicine is a global issue. Only limited international data are available so far.
METHODS
Aim: To assess the extent of sexual harassment and identify the perpetrators in the student population of the medical school of Münster, Germany. A survey was undertaken, using the Medical Women's International Association sexual harassment questionnaire translated into German. The anonymous online questionnaire was sent as a link to all medical undergraduates at Münster Medical School via a mailing list between 1 October and 30 November 2018. Identifying or potentially identifying data were not collected. Data were analysed by descriptive statistical methods such as categorical variables. Baseline characteristics, e.g. answers by male or female medical students, were correlated with their individual sexual harassment experiences and perpetrator groups by means of univariate analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 2162 medical students were asked to participate, with 623 (28.8%) completing the survey. Sexual harassment is a significant issue among medical students at Münster Medical School with over half (58.9%) of all undergraduates being exposed to sexually harassing behaviour. In total, 31.8% of all participants reported having experienced unwanted physical sexual contact such as unwanted physical touching, with 87.6% of the victims being female. Overall, 41.3% personally experienced verbal sexual harassment of which 87.4% were female. Furthermore, 8.5% of undergraduates faced forced sexual contact such as oral, anal or vaginal penetration, intercourse and rape, with all victims being female. Perpetrators in these cases were mostly male medical superiors (7.0%) and male patients (18.3%). In general, most perpetrators were patients, followed by medical superiors and educators, and less frequently by colleagues.
CONCLUSIONS
Sexual harassment in medical education and the medical workplace is a significant problem in a German medical school. Most students experiencing sexual harassment are females. Female students also experience the more serious forms of sexual harassment more often.
背景
评估学术医学领域性骚扰的存在情况及特征是一个全球性问题。目前仅有有限的国际数据。
方法
目的：评估德国明斯特医学院学生群体中性骚扰的程度并确定骚扰者。开展了一项调查，使用翻译成德语的国际医学女性协会性骚扰问卷。2018年10月1日至11月30日期间，通过邮件列表将匿名在线问卷以链接形式发送给明斯特医学院所有医学本科生。未收集可识别或潜在可识别的数据。采用分类变量等描述性统计方法分析数据。通过单因素分析将基线特征（如男、女医学生的回答）与其个人性骚扰经历及骚扰者群体进行关联。
结果
共邀请2162名医学生参与，623人（28.8%）完成了调查。性骚扰在明斯特医学院医学生中是一个严重问题，超过半数（58.9%）的本科生曾遭遇性骚扰行为。总体而言，31.8%的参与者报告曾经历过 unwanted physical sexual contact（如 unwanted physical touching），其中87.6%的受害者为女性。总体上，41.3%的人亲身经历过言语性骚扰，其中87.4%为女性。此外，8.5%的本科生面临过 forced sexual contact（如口交、肛交或阴道插入、性交和强奸），所有受害者均为女性。这些案例中的骚扰者大多是男性医学上级（7.0%）和男性患者（18.3%）。一般来说，大多数骚扰者是患者，其次是医学上级和教育工作者，同事较少。
结论
医学教育和医疗工作场所的性骚扰在德国一所医学院是一个严重问题。大多数遭受性骚扰的学生是女性。女学生也更常经历更严重形式的性骚扰。
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