Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
Secretaria de Saúde de Brasília, Instituto de Diagnósticos, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2021 Jan 29;63:e8. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946202163008. eCollection 2021.
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and it is mainly acquired through the vector route, however, blood transfusion and congenital transmission are implicated in the spread of the illness worldwide. The congenital route can occur at any stage of pregnancy and its frequency varies. In the Federal District, in Brazil, the frequency of T. cruzi infection in pregnant women and their offspring has not been updated. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in pregnant women and the rate of congenital transmission in the Federal District. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of T. cruzi from 2014 to 2016 in the population of pregnant women attended by the public health service throughout the Federal District and a descriptive cohort for the evaluation of congenital transmission. During the study, prenatal data of 98,895 women were consulted and pregnant women registered in 2016, presenting with positive T. cruzi serology, were part of the descriptive cohort. The estimated prevalence of T. cruzi infection in the three years was 0.19% and the congenital transmission rate was 1/40 (2.5%). Our results have shown that, although the main routes of transmission of CD have been interrupted, there is still a risk of congenital transmission in the Federal District. This present study highlights the need for the continuous implementation of a screening program for pregnant women and timely treatment of infected newborns and children.
恰加斯病（CD）是由原生动物克氏锥虫引起的，主要通过媒介途径获得，但在全球范围内，输血和先天性传播也与该病的传播有关。先天性途径可发生在妊娠的任何阶段，其发生频率不一。在巴西联邦区，尚未更新孕妇及其后代中克氏锥虫感染的频率。因此，本研究旨在估计联邦区孕妇中克氏锥虫感染的流行率和先天性传播率。2014 年至 2016 年期间，我们进行了一项横断面研究，以评估整个联邦区公共卫生服务部门就诊的孕妇人群中克氏锥虫的血清流行率，并进行了描述性队列研究以评估先天性传播。研究期间，共查阅了 98895 名孕妇的产前数据，2016 年登记的血清克氏锥虫呈阳性的孕妇被纳入描述性队列。三年间，克氏锥虫感染的估计流行率为 0.19%，先天性传播率为 1/40（2.5%）。我们的研究结果表明，尽管 CD 的主要传播途径已被阻断，但在联邦区仍存在先天性传播的风险。本研究强调了为孕妇持续实施筛查计划以及及时治疗感染的新生儿和儿童的必要性。
